A wani ƙaramin ƙauye a Nyandurua, ba shi da nisa da dajin Aberdare, manoman dankalin turawa da yawa sun yi masauki a ƙarkashin wani tanti don guje wa kamuwa da cutar sanyi da ke gangarowa daga tsaunuka yayin da suke bin darasi kan noman dankalin.
Ana gudanar da zanga-zangar ne a gonar Francis Giteru, karamin manomi dankalin turawa a Kauyen Gathara, wanda ya dade yana noman amfanin gona tun shekaru 20 da suka gabata.
Lokacin da muka sadu da Mista Giteru a gonarsa, yana nannaɗe ƙwayoyin dankalin a cikin takardu masu ruwan kasa da aka yi da zaren ayaba — iri ɗaya a cikin kowane takarda — kafin ya dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Mista Giteru ya ce kananan manoman dankalin turawa suna fuskantar kalubale na samun ingantaccen iri, don haka suke raba ko sake sarrafa su, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar kwari da cututtuka daga wata gona zuwa waccan.
Lokacin da ya fara noman dankali a farkon shekarun 90, zai iya girban buhu 100 a cikin kadada mai sauƙi. A tsakiyar shekarun 2000, girbinsa ya fadi zuwa buhu 40 kuma yanzu yana sarrafa jaka 15 zuwa 18 ne kawai daga yanki ɗaya.
"Baya ga irin, kasar ta girma ba ta iya haihuwa ba kuma ba ta samar da amfanin gona kuma kwari kamar su dankalin turawa dangin nematodes suma sun yadu," in ji manomin. Mista Giteru ya samu labarin cewa gonakin sun kamu da nakasa ne a shekarar da ta gabata sakamakon binciken da masu bincike suka yi, saboda su kananan kwari ne da ba sa iya hango su cikin idanu.
"Masana kimiyya sun gwada kasa ta kuma sun gano cewa tana da kashi 25 cikin dari na nematodes," in ji shi.
Yana daga cikin dubban manoman dankalin turawa a Kenya suna cinikin sabuwar fasahar inda aka nade iri a cikin takardar zaren ayaba wacce aka magance don magance kwayar dankalin turawa mai kamuwa da nematode. Fasahar ta dakatar da nematodes na ƙasa daga kai hari ga atoan dankalin turawa.
A shekarar da ta gabata, masu bincike a karkashin shirin NemAfrica, wani sashin bincike a Cibiyar Noma ta Tropical Agriculture (IITA) da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya da Ikope (Icipe), sun damu da raguwar yawan dankalin Turawa a Kenya sun gudanar da bincike a cikin 22 dankalin Turawa yankuna
Sun gano cewa dankalin turawa dankalin turawa nematode ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa sosai wajen raguwar amfanin dankalin turawa. Nyaasar Nyandarua ita ce mafi ƙazamar cutar.
“Mun yi amfani da takardun fiber na ayaba tsawon kaka daya kuma an samu nasara. Mun dasa kashi uku, a fili daya mun yi amfani da takardu, dayan kuma mun yi amfani da abin da ba su da maganin kwari yayin da a karo na uku ba mu yi amfani da wani sa hannu ba, ”in ji Mista Giteru wanda ke cikin manoman kalilan. zaba don zama ɓangare na matukin jirgi.
Ya ce karamin filin da aka nade dankalin turawa ya samar da kilogram 50 yayin da dayan ya samar da 25kg.
“Ba abu ne mai sauki ba idan aka gano lokacin da masu kwayar cutar suka afkawa amfanin gonarku ta hanyar kallon tubers ko ganyenta kawai. Iskar ba ta da wata illa ko canjin dandano, ”in ji shi. Amma kwari suna lalata dankalin turawa, suna rage amfanin gona da girman tuber, kuma hakan yana tasiri ga kudin shigar manoma.
Tsanya dankali
Jesse Kamutu, wani dan itacen dankalin turawa ne kuma mai samar da tuber daga Kinangop, ya ce manoma a yankin sun yi watsi da noman dankalin turawa don wasu amfanin gona saboda rage amfanin gona da kuma rashin ingancin kayan amfanin gona.
Harrison Mburu, mataimakiyar mai bincike a IITA, ta ce lokacin da masu naman suka kyankyasar da 'ya'yansu, sai su nufaci tushen amfanin gona a makonni biyu na farko bayan shuka.
“Suna ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki da ake nufi don iri. Suna shafar tsarin tsire-tsire wanda ke haifar da daskarewa, wani lokacin kuma yakan sanya launin yabanya, ”in ji shi, ya kara da cewa mafi yawan lokuta idan an tumbuke amfanin gonar, mutum ba zai iya ganin kwayar ba amma zai iya lura da kananan tubers wadanda ba su da kyau .
Shekaru da yawa, manoma suna amfani da maganin kashe kwari don sarrafa kwari, amma an hana amfani da sinadarai sakamakon mummunan tasirin da suke yi wa muhalli.
Ana gabatar da kwarin cikin kasar ta hanyar injinan gona da iri, don haka kula da gona yadda ya kamata da kyawawan halaye na iya rage kwari.
“Shuka tsaba mai tsafta a cikin ƙasa mai cike da ƙwayoyi ba ya taimaka. Neatodes ɗin na iya zama a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru 30. Muna karfafawa manoma gwiwa da su bar gonakinsu babu gaira babu dalili ko kuma su juya amfanin gonakinsu don karya sakewar, ”ya shawarci
Da farko an bai wa manoman takardar filawar ayaba kyauta don nazarin amma masu binciken sun ce za a kashe shi a matsayin karamin kudade idan aka fara su a hukumance cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa.
A cewar masu binciken, wasu nau'ikan dankalin turawa kamar Shangi –wanda ke da matukar farin jini a wurin manoman yankin-suna da saukin kamuwa da nematodes. Abun takaici, manoma basa son shuka wasu nau'ikan irin su Money II da Jelly wadanda suka fi jurewa, saboda Shangi tana da matukar bukata.
NemAfrica a halin yanzu tana nazarin sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa wadanda suke jure kwaron dankalin turawa mai nematode (PCN).
Sabbin layuka takwas na dankalin turawa da aka samo daga Scotland sun isa a watan Maris na wannan shekarar kafin Hukumar Kula da Kiwon Lafiyar Kenya (Kephis) ta ba su takardar shaidar dasawa da gwaji a karkashin yanayin yankin.
Farfesa Danny Coyne, masanin kimiyyar kiwon kasa a IITA, wanda ke jagorantar kokarin tantance sabbin layukan ya ce banda juriyarsu da dankalin turawa dankalin turawa, an zabi takamaiman layukan ne bisa halayen da suka fi dacewa ga manoman yankin.
"Lines suna balaga da wuri kuma suna da ɗan gajeren bacci, waɗanda sune mahimman halayen Shangi, tare da samar da kwazo mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da na yanzu na cikin gida," in ji Farfesa Coyne.