Rufe albarkatun gona: Auna nitrogen a cikin takin kore

Duka sinadaran taki da rufe albarkatun gona Zai iya taimakawa gina abun cikin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Amma amfanin gona mai rufewa yana zuwa da wasu fa'idodi da yawa, kamar haɓaka tsarin ƙasa da haɓaka fa'ida microbes.

Masu bincike a jami'ar Cornell suna duba hanyoyin taimakawa wajen samar da ingantaccen amfanin gona, wanda aka fi sani da koren taki, wanda zai iya taimakawa manoma a yunƙurin su na noman amfanin gona ta hanya mafi ɗorewa. An buga sakamakon su a cikin Masana Harkar, wani bugu na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Fasaha ta Amurka.

Katherine Muller da tawagarta suna aiki kan dabaru don auna daidaiton nitrogen a cikin shirye -shiryen kiwo don amfanin gona guda biyu na rufewa: garkuwar ja da gashi. Duk amfanin gona guda biyu na iya jan nitrogen daga iska don taimaka musu girma. Wannan ake kira gyaran nitrogen.

Muller ya ce "Green taki amfanin gona ne da ake amfani da su don haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa." “Suna taimakawa ƙasa ta ƙara abubuwan gina jiki. Muna duban kayan lambu, waɗanda ke kawo nitrogen a cikin ƙasa saboda alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu da ƙwayoyin cuta. ”

An yi amfani da takin koren ganye na dubban shekaru. Koyaya, bayan shekarun 1950, takin sunadarai ya zama babban tushen nitrogen ga manoma a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Wannan saboda masana kimiyya biyu, Haber da Bosch, sun sami hanyar cire nitrogen daga iska, da yin takin sunadarai.

Kodayake irin wannan taki yana da fa'ida, yana kuma ɗaukar makamashi don yin sa - kuma yana iya sauƙaƙe shiga cikin ruwa idan ba a sarrafa shi daidai ba.

“Rufe albarkatun gona sune muhimman kayan aikin sarrafa muhalli. Suna haɓaka al'ummomin microbial kuma suna sanya abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Ainihin, suna taimakawa gina ƙasa mai yalwa wacce zata iya samar da abubuwan gina jiki lokacin da tsirrai ke buƙatar su. ” - Katherine Muller

Muller ya ce "Rufe amfanin gona muhimmin kayan aikin sarrafa muhalli ne." “Suna haɓaka al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna sanya abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Ainihin, suna taimakawa gina ƙasa mai yalwa wacce zata iya samar da abubuwan gina jiki lokacin da tsirrai ke buƙatar su. ”

Amfani da amfanin gona na rufewa na iya zama haɗari ga manoma saboda ba za su iya tantance ainihin adadin sinadarin nitrogen da ake ba wa ƙasa ba. Takin sunadarai yana ba da izinin ainihin lissafin adadin sinadarin nitrogen da ake amfani da shi kan amfanin gona. Amma yawan nitrogen da ake bayarwa ta kowane nau'in amfanin gona na rufewa ba lambar da aka sani ba ce.

Yawan sinadarin nitrogen da amfanin gonar murfin legume ke bayarwa ya danganta da yadda yake girma da kuma yawan sinadarin nitrogen ɗin da ke fitowa daga gyarawa daga sama. A halin yanzu, murfin amfanin gona da ake samu ba shi da zaɓi na kiwo don gyara nitrogen - sifa mai mahimmanci.

Masu kiwon shuke -shuke suna aiki don haɓaka nau'ikan amfanin gona na rufewa waɗanda ke rage haɗarin da haɓaka fa'idodi ga manoma. Suna fatan cewa ingantattun iri za su ƙara amfani da amfanin gona na rufewa a matsayin madadin takin sunadarai. Gyaran Nitrogen yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka fi mayar da hankali ga takin kore.

“Muna da burin taimakawa masu shayar da shuke -shuke da haɓaka dabarun da za su yi niyyar gyara nitrogen a cikin amfanin gona. Saboda gyaran nitrogen abu ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke canzawa yayin da tsire -tsire ke girma, lokacin ma'aunin yana da mahimmanci. ” - Katherine Muller

"Muna da burin taimakawa masu kiwon shuke -shuke da su samar da dabarun da za su yi niyyar gyara sinadarin nitrogen a cikin amfanin gona," in ji Muller. "Saboda gyaran nitrogen abu ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke canzawa yayin da tsire -tsire ke girma, lokacin ma'aunin yana da mahimmanci."

Ga manoma, mafi mahimmancin ma'aunin gyaran nitrogen shine lokacin da amfanin gona ya ƙare. Legume kore taki yawanci ƙare a cikin marigayi flowering mataki. Ƙarewa da farko yana nufin amfanin gona zai iya yin nishaɗi kuma ya zama sako. Koyaya, shirye-shiryen kiwo don gashin gashi da ƙamshi mai ƙyalli ba za su iya ɗaukar wannan ma'aunin ba, saboda suna buƙatar cire shuka kafin tsallakewa.

"Kungiyarmu ta yi gwajin filin tare da shirin kiwo mai aiki," in ji Muller. “Mun tattara kayan shuka kuma mun auna gyaran nitrogen. Mun sami damar faɗi nawa nitrogen ɗin shuka ya fito daga gyarawa ƙasa. ”

Tawagar ta gwada samfura iri uku da mai kiwo zai iya ɗauka don kwatanta su da samfurin da ya fi dacewa da manoma. Daga nan suka auna gyaran nitrogen ta hanyar aika samfuran su zuwa dakin binciken da ke auna jimlar abun cikin nitrogen da yalwar isotope mai ƙarfi.

Nitrogen daga ƙasa yawanci yana da isasshen iskar nitrogen mai ƙarfi fiye da nitrogen daga gyarawa. Wannan yana ba masu bincike damar kimanta adadin sinadarin nitrogen da shuka ke samu daga ƙasa a kan gyarawa.

Muller ya ce "Shawarwarin mu shine tattara tsirrai daga kowace shuka a farkon lokacin fure don auna ma'aunin nitrogen ta hanyar isotopes masu tsayayye," in ji Muller. "Wannan yana ba da kyakkyawan wakili don gyara nitrogen a cikin tsirrai duka, ana auna su a ƙarshen lokacin fure wanda ya fi dacewa da manoma."

A cewar Muller, idan masu kiwo za su ƙara ma'auni ɗaya, yakamata ya zama wannan. Yawan nitrogen da aka samu ta hanyar gyara sau da yawa baya yin daidai da girman shuka ko wasu ma'aunai.

"Yana da mahimmanci a auna ainihin sinadarin nitrogen da aka sanya a cikin amfanin gona na murfin saboda yana iya bambanta," in ji Muller. “Manoma suna son sanin yawan sinadarin nitrogen da suke shigowa gonakin su. Muna buƙatar auna daidai da bayar da wannan bayanin don taimakawa manoma su yanke shawara. Muna fatan bincikenmu zai karfafa gwiwar manoma da yawa su rungumi kayan amfanin gona a matsayin tushen sinadarin nitrogen. ”

Katarina Muller shine mai binciken digiri na uku a Jami'ar Cornell. An gudanar da wannan binciken tare da aikin Kiwon Lafiyar Ruwan Ruwa na Legume, wanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Amurka ke tallafawa.