Binciken ƙetare kan abin da za a yi tsammanin cututtukan dankalin turawa a wannan kakar.
Late blight yana da kuma mai yiwuwa koyaushe ya zama wani abu da Kanada ke samar da dankalin turawa dan sa ido. Canza yanayin yanayi, ingantaccen tsarin gargadin gaggawa da samfuran sarrafawa sun rage haɗarin a cikin recentan shekarun nan. Amma kamar yadda kowane mai shuka ya sani, babu ƙarancin wasu cututtukan dankalin turawa waɗanda za su iya bayyana matsala yayin noman. Ga wasu don lura da wannan shekara.
Marigayi Late
Phytophthora yana haifar da kumburi, marigayi cututtukan ƙwayar cuta wanda ke da alhakin ɓarna Yunwar dankalin turawa ta Irish na 1840s, ya kasance annobar masu noman dankalin turawa a duniya tun daga lokacin. Baya ga dimbin asarar amfanin gona da ta yi, latti ya kuma zama cutar dankalin turawa mafi tsada da za a iya sarrafawa, inda farashinta a duniya ya kai a kalla dala biliyan 6 a cewar wasu kimantawa.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne, don haka, cewa ƙarshen ɓarna ya ci gaba kamar yadda cutar ta farko ke damuwa ga yawancin masu samar da dankalin turawa a Kanada. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, yana da tasiri ƙarshen tsarin gargadi da canjin yanayin yanayi sun ba da gudummawa ga raguwar mummunar cutar.
"An samu kyakkyawan sakamako guda daya ko biyu a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku da suka gabata, amma ba mu samu barkewar cutar ba," in ji Dennis Van Dyk, masanin kimiyyar kayan lambu tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Abinci da Karkara na Ontario.
“Muna da kyakkyawan tsarin sa ido a nan tare da hanyar sadarwar tarko wacce ta zama alama ce ta gargadi ga masu noman namu da kuma basu damar yin aikin feshi.
"Late blight ne ko da yaushe gaban hankali, amma a wannan lokaci, ko saboda yanayi ko saboda da spore tarko cibiyar sadarwa, Ina ganin muna da wani fairly kyau rike a kan shi."
Vikram Bisht, masanin cututtukan tsire-tsire tare da Manitoba Aikin Gona da Ci gaban albarkatu, ya lura da cewa gonakin dankalin turawa a Manitoba sun kasance ba su da matsala tun daga 2018, saboda babban abin da ya samu nasarar nasarar hanyar sadarwar tarko ta ƙarshen ɓarnar ɓarnar da ta faɗakar da manitoba. P. 'yan iska yajis an gano a lardin.
Bisht ya ce "Ba a samu rahotonni a shekarar 2020 ba, duk da cewa mun kama tarko na wasu cututtukan," in ji Bisht. "Mun sami damar faɗakar da masu noman kuma sun ɗora kan turbar a kan tsara lokacin feshi, wanda ya taimaka matuka."
Dymtro Yevtushenko, shugaban bincike a kimiyyar dankalin turawa a Jami'ar Lethbridge, ya ba da rahoton cewa akwai wasu 'yan lokuta na P. 'yan iska spores da Cibiyar Kula da Kula da Cutar Dankali a cikin Alberta ta gano a bara, amma bai isa ya ta da kararrawa ba.
"Bai kasance a kan wani kofa ba wanda ya sa mu damuwa," in ji shi. "A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata yanzu, ba a samu wani abin da ya faru da wuri ba, wanda hakan yana da kyau."
Saboda yanayin ruwan teku mai laushi da laushi a cikin Atlantic Kanada, tsibirin Prince Edward da New Brunswick a tarihance suna da batutuwan da ke da nasaba da matsalar tashin hankali fiye da sauran yankuna masu noman dankalin turawa a kasar. Amma yanayi ya canza a recentan shekarun nan, tare da ɗumi, yanayin busar lokacin bazara wanda ya rage barazanar da ake fuskanta P. 'yan iska kwayoyin cuta.
Lorraine MacKinnon, mai kula da masana'antar dankalin turawa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Kasa ta PEI ta ce "Saboda yanayin yanayin da muke ciki a cikin shekaru hudu ko biyar da suka gabata, karshen cutar ta fadi kasa kan jerin cututtukan da ake damuwa." .
“Mun tafi wasu yan lokuta a yanzu ba tare da gano wasu abubuwa da suka faru a tsibirin ba. Babu wani tsarin koyarwa da ke zaune, ”in ji ta. Har ila yau, akwai wasu nau'ikan canjin yanayi wadanda ba su da karfi ko kadan a ganyayyaki, kuma muna da kayayyakin sarrafa abubuwa da yawa. "
MacKinnon, tare da sauran masana, suna gargadi ga masu shukawa game da barin kaskantarwar su daga cutar bacin lokaci, wanda ke iya shafe duka gonar dankalin turawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki kuma hakan kuma yana shafar inganci da kwarin tubers.
“A kodayaushe akwai haɗari cewa ƙarshen ɓarawo zai dawo zuwa filayen PEI. Samfurin hasashen yanayin-yanayi da tarkon zina suna da matukar amfani a lokacin-bazara, amma ba za su iya hango halin da ake ciki ba kafin lokacin bazara, ”in ji ta.
Khalil Al-Mughrabi, masanin kimiyyar cututtukan cuta a Cibiyar Raya Dankalin Turawa tare da Sashin Noma na New Brunswick, Masunta da Kiwo, ya yarda da wannan ra'ayin kasancewar ba a samu tsautsayi a cikin Maritimes ba a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata. Ya lura duk da cewa ta hanyar shirin bincike na kasa, ana ci gaba da kirkirar sabbin dabarun kula da cututtuka tare da tantance ingancin kayan aikin kayan gwari da aka yiwa rijista a kan mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan marigayi.
Al-Mughrabi ya ce a cikin New Brunswick, wani shiri ne na hangen nesa na blight dangane da yanayin yanayi wanda zai dace da cigaban cutar a makare, da kuma tsarin tarkon da ke rufe yankuna masu noman dankalin turawa a lardin, ana aiwatar da su sosai domin a yi hasashen maka karshen cutar.
Van Dyk ya lura da cewa Ontario na lura da wani sabon yanayin tashin hankali, US-25, da kuma ƙarshen ɓacin rai mai kama da-kama, Phytophthora nicotianae, wanda yake nasaba ce ga P. 'yan iska kuma yana haifar da alamun cututtukan foliar kama da marigayi. Dukansu an gano su a makwabta a jihar New York, don haka ana kira ga masu shuka su aika da samfuran kowane tsirrai da ke nuna alamun alamun ɓacin lokaci na ɓacin rai don gwajin ƙarancin cuta.
PED
Duk da yake yanayin marigayi ya inganta, akwai damuwa a duk fadin kasar game da wata cuta mai dankalin turawa - dankalin turawa da wuri (PED) mai rikitarwa.
"Cutar da ta yi fice a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ita ce PED," in ji MacKinnon. "Saboda mun kasance muna cikin dumi, lokacin rani, muna ganin kalubale da yawa tare da dankalin turawa da wuri, kuma wannan yana da tasiri ga amfanin sarrafawa… Masu samar da su a nan sun damu ƙwarai da hakan."
Fumigation, wanda ke kashe verticillium da tushen cututtukan nematodes da ke hade da PED, ma'auni ne na yau da kullun game da cutar, amma ba a ba da izini ba a cikin PEI MacKinnon ya ce a sakamakon haka, masu noman dankalin tsibiri na iya neman ƙara ƙwaya mai ƙoshin lafiya ga juyawarsu wannan shekara.
“Mustard ya zama gama gari saboda dalilai biyu. Karatun ya nuna mustard na da tasiri ga kwayar verticillium a cikin kasa, amma yana da wasu fa'idodi ga sarrafa wiwin kuma, "in ji MacKinnon.
"Har ila yau, akwai bincike mai yawa da ake yi kan tasirin dawa-sudangrass, gero na lu'u-lu'u da sauran albarkatu masu juyawa wanda zai iya rage yawan kwayoyi da / ko jijiyoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa."
Van Dyk ya ce yayin da PED ba zai iya zama babbar matsala a Ontario ba kamar yadda yake na Maritimes, tabbas yana kan radar masu shuka a lardinsa tare da masu noman da suka sami matsala da shi, yin foming da duba cikin sauran matakan kiwon lafiyar ƙasa.
"Mun sami kyakkyawan girbi, don haka idan masu shuka za su nemi mai ba da fata ga filayen da suke tsammanin sun kasance a cikin verticillium da nematodes, suna da damar da za su yi hakan a lokacin bazara saboda akwai lokacin yin hakan," in ji shi .
Bisht ya lura da ɗigon baƙin fata da verticillium, duk a cikin ƙwayar cuta ta PED wanda ke haifar da saurin mutuwa, suna ƙaruwa cikin Manitoba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Duk da yake yanayi na taka rawa sosai wajen kamuwa da cututtukan biyu, Bisht yana tsammanin matsin lamba na cuta zai ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan kakar mai zuwa a yankunan da ke da tarihin baƙin ɗigo da kuma verticillium wilt.
Yevtushenko ya ce damuwa a kan PED na karuwa a Alberta sannan kuma canjin yanayi na haifar da barazanar hakan.
"Yankin shuka yana kara fadada, kuma juyawar amfanin gona na iya samun guntu, kuma wannan daga karshe zai haifar da karuwar tarin kwayoyi a cikin kasa, don haka tare da matsin lamba na kwayoyin cuta muna sa ran cewa yiwuwar wannan cuta zata iya tashi," in ji shi.
Rushe lardi
- Baƙar ƙafa a cikin Manitoba - A cewar Bisht, sanyi, yanayin dasa shuki a bazarar da ta gabata ya haifar da yawan kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a Manitoba dankalin turawa a bara wanda ba wai kawai ya shafi amfanin ƙasa ba, amma kuma ya haifar da matsala ta baƙar fata a wasu shagunan. Bisht ya ce ya kamata a kula sosai tare da yankan iri sakamakon rage barazanar shuka iri mai ƙwayar baƙar fata.
- Soft Rot a cikin Ontario - Van Dyk ya ce batutuwan da aka shigo da su na ƙasar da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa kamar su Dickeya dianthicola da kuma Pectobacterium kayan lambu sun zama damuwa ga masu kera dankalin Ontario. Ya bukaci manoma su shuka ingantaccen iri, su gwada kwaya iri-iri idan za su iya don tabbatar da cewa ba su da cuta, sun fita daga zuriya da ake zargi, kuma su lura da alamun farko na kwayar cuta mai laushi a filayen dankalin turawa kamar fitowar ganye da tsire-tsire da ƙarancin ƙarfi.
- Farkon tashin hankali a cikin Atlantic Kanada - Al-Mughrabi ya lura cewa wannan cutar ta kasance ƙalubale a cikin dankalin turawa a yankin Maritimes a shekarar da ta gabata saboda ƙarancin ruwan sama wanda ya ƙarfafa tsire-tsire kuma ya fi son ci gaban ɓarkewar wuri. "Idan yanayi na gaba ya ci gaba da zama bushe, ana iya tsammanin irin wannan yanayin don saurin bala'i," in ji shi.
- Cutar Kaba a cikin PEI - MacKinnon ya nuna yanayin bushewar lardin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yana nufin ba da ƙarancin danshi ga tubers yayin da suke farawa. Ta ce, "A dalilin haka, za a iya samun yawan kamuwa da cutar sikari da ke yaduwa, kuma cuta ce mai matukar wahala a iya magance ta," in ji ta.