Shin cikin tantanin halitta ya fi kama da ruwa ko daskararru? Duk da yake wannan na iya zama kamar tambaya mara kyau, binciken da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Amsterdam ya nuna yana iya kasancewa ko dai, ya danganta da irin hasken da kuke haskakawa a kai. Chloroplasts a cikin sel tsire-tsire sun zama wani nau'i mai aiki na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke jure canjin lokaci mai ban mamaki.
Tambayar yadda tsire-tsire suke ji da kuma amsa yanayinsu ta burge masana kimiyya da falsafa tun daga lokacin zamanin da. Fiye da shekaru dubu biyu da suka wuce, Plato ya rubuta a cikin "Timaeus" cewa tsire-tsire suna da "rai" da ke fuskantar "ji, jin dadi, zafi, da sha'awa" yayin da ba su da "hukunci da hankali."
Don motsawa, ko a'a don motsawa
Yayin da masana kimiyya na zamani galibi za su yarda da wannan kima da aka bayyana ta waka, ba za su yarda da bayanin da Plato ya yi na bin diddigin cewa tsire-tsire ba “an hana su ikon motsin kai”; kafewar ba yana nufin tsire-tsire ba su iya motsawa ba. Ka yi la'akari da matasan sunflowers suna bin rana kowace rana, ko shukar gida da ke girma zuwa taga mai rana.
A kan mafi guntu lokaci sikelin, da Chloroplasts a cikin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire za su yi saurin motsawa don mayar da martani ga canji a ciki tsananin haske. Chloroplasts sune koren abubuwan da ke cikin sel shuka waɗanda ke gudanar da photosynthesis, tsarin juya hasken rana zuwa makamashin sinadarai. Ba su tsaya a cikin tantanin halitta ba, suna iya amfani da sunadaran da ke cikin membranes don motsawa cikin cytoplasm.
A cikin ƙananan haske, chloroplasts za su bazu don ɗaukar matsakaicin adadin haske. Koyaya, wuce gona da iri ga haske mai haske zai lalata su, ƙaddarar da suke gujewa tare da saurin guduwa. Don haka, motsin chloroplast a lokaci guda yana haɓaka aikin photosynthesis yayin rage lalacewar hoto.
Halin gilashi
Duk da shekaru da yawa na bincike game da wannan motsi na cikin salula, har yanzu akwai tambayoyi da yawa a buɗe game da yadda chloroplasts ke tsara kansu tare. Masu bincike na Jami'ar Amsterdam Nico Schramma, Cintia Perugachi Israëls da Maziyar Jalaal sun yanke shawarar yin nazarin wannan hali ta fuskar kimiyyar lissafi.
An buga takardar su a cikin jarida Aikace-aikace na National Academy of Sciences.
“Sakamakon mu ya nuna cewa a cikin duhun haske, chloroplasts suna samar da monolayer wanda ke nuna fasali irin na gilashi. Wannan yana nuna alaƙa mai ban mamaki tsakanin wannan tsarin ilimin halitta da kuma wadataccen fannin kimiyyar lissafi na gilashi,” in ji Schramma. Fiye da kayan taga kawai, gilashi wani tsayayyen lokaci ne na kwayoyin halitta da aka yi da ɓangarorin da ke cike da yawa amma ba a tsara su da kyau ba.
Ba kamar ƙananan kwayoyin halitta (wadanda suke da gaske marasa rai), chloroplasts na iya amfani da makamashi don samar da motsin su. Bugu da ƙari, chloroplasts suna da tasiri kuma suna yin hulɗa tare da keɓaɓɓen yanayin su na cikin salula. Wannan ya sa wannan lokacin gilashi ya zama sabon nau'i mai ban sha'awa na al'amarin "aiki".
Kasancewa a cikin yanayin gilashi yana da amfani don tabbatar da cewa an tattara mafi kyawun haske a cikin ƙananan haske, saboda chloroplasts suna da kyau a matsayi. Lokacin fallasa zuwa haske mai haske, wannan yanayin gilashi da sauri "narke" cikin ruwa wanda chloroplasts ke motsawa cikin sauri.
Kusa da canji
Ta hanyar bin diddigi da kuma nazarin motsi masu dogaro da haske na chloroplasts a cikin tsire-tsire na Elodea densa, da kwatanta wannan da sabon ƙirar lissafi da aka haɓaka, masu binciken sun gano cewa chloroplasts an daidaita su don kasancewa kusa da canji tsakanin yanayin gilashi da ruwa.
Alamar tatsuniya na kusanci da wannan canjin ita ce, ko da a cikin yanayin ƙarancin haske, ba duk chloroplasts ke zaune ba. Ko da wane lokaci, chloroplast zai fashe ba zato ba tsammani daga matsayinsa, ya wuce wasu da yawa kafin ya sake makale. A wasu lokuta, wannan fashewar motsi yana motsawa akan jerin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗaka a cikin chloroplasts kusa.
"Kasancewa kusa da canjin gilashi yana ba chloroplasts damar canzawa da sauri zuwa wani lokaci mai kama da ruwa don ingantaccen motsi na gujewa haske," in ji Schramma. Bayan dacewarsu ta ilimin halitta, matakan da suka dogara da haske na chloroplasts a cikin Elodea densa sun zama tsarin samfuri mai ban sha'awa don bincike na gaba akan abubuwa masu rai da yawa.