Bincike ya yi nazari kan illar maganin ciyawa da dankali ke yi sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa

Manoman a duk faɗin kudanci da gabashin Idaho sun cika da mamakin alamun lalacewar amfanin gona da suka barke a gonakinsu na dankalin turawa biyo bayan wani ɗan gajeren ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a watan Mayun 2017.

Ƙarin alamun bayyanar cututtuka - ciki har da harbe-harbe masu kumbura, sprouts masu girma a kusurwar dama, tuber folding da rawaya veins a cikin ganye - sun bayyana a cikin filayen spud na yanki bayan wani jika na Mayu a cikin 2019.

Pam Hutchinson, Jami'ar Idaho (U of I) Tsawon tsarin noman dankalin turawa ƙwararrun ciyawa, ya gano tare da yin nazari kan matsalar - ruwan sama mai yawa kafin fitowar dankalin turawa na iya motsa ciyawa sosai cikin ƙasa, inda harbe-harbe da tuber suka fi samun damar yin amfani da su. Tushen fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda zai iya, bi da bi, haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona. Hutchinson ta samar da kyakkyawan jagora ga masu noman da ke fuskantar ƙalubalen, yanzu ta shiga shekara ta uku da ta ƙarshe na gudanar da gwajin ruwan sama na kwaikwaya a Cibiyar Bincike da Tsawaita ta U of I Aberdeen.

Binciken ruwan sama da aka kwaikwayi ta ya sami tallafi daga Hukumar Dankali ta Idaho kuma za ta kasance cikin ayyukan bincike da yawa da aka nuna a yayin balaguron kula da ciyawa na kogin maciji da Ranar filin, wanda aka shirya daga karfe 9 na safe zuwa tsakar rana a ranar 21 ga Yuni a Aberdeen da kuma ranar 22 ga Yuni. U of I Kimberly Research and Extension Center. Za a sami ƙididdiga na sake tabbatar da maganin kashe qwari guda uku don kowane yawon shakatawa. Ana tambayar mahalarta su isa rabin sa'a da wuri don yin rajista, kuma abincin rana da aka ba da tallafi zai biyo bayan balaguron.

An soke balaguron cizon sauro a bara kuma an shirya shi kusan a cikin 2020 saboda COVID-19. Don gwaje-gwajen ruwan sama da aka kwaikwayi ta, Hutchinson tana gwada maganin ciyawa guda huɗu: Matrix, Outlook, Prowl H2O da metribuzin. Za ta raba sakamakon gwaje-gwajen wannan kakar yayin taron shekara-shekara na Idaho dankalin turawa na U of I, wanda aka shirya a watan Janairu a Pocatello.

"Ina bukatan in koyi irin alamun da maganin ciyawa zai iya haifarwa a cikin irin wannan yanayi tare da yawan ruwan sama," in ji Hutchinson. "A cikin shekaru da yawa mun duba kuma mun koyi game da lalacewar ciyawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin girma na yau da kullun."

A wannan kakar, ta dasa filayen gwajin siminti mai ƙafa 80 da ƙafa 240 a ranar 2 ga Mayu. Ta haɗa magungunan herbicides tare da rabin inci na ruwa kuma ta biyo baya a cikin makonni biyu na ƙarshe na Mayu tare da ko dai ban ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata, inci 3 na ban ruwa mai yawa. ko inci 6 na yawan ban ruwa don kwatanta yanayin ruwan sama a cikin 2017 da 2019.

A lokacin waɗancan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, filayen kudancin Idaho, waɗanda ke da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kusan inci 10, sun sami ruwan sama inci 1 zuwa 5 a cikin makonni biyu kacal. Wasu masu shukar sun ba da rahoton alamun da ba a iya gani ba kamar harbe-harbe da ke tasowa daga tuber suna juyawa a kusurwar dama na ƴan inci kaɗan sannan su mike kafin fitowar. Wasu suna da ƙananan spuds da ƙananan amfanin gona, kodayake yawancin amfanin gona sun dawo daga lalacewa ta hanyar girbi na fall.

Hutchinson ya ce "Dankulan sun sami damar girma daga cikinsa kuma suna daidaita maganin ciyawa kafin tubers su fara samuwa," in ji Hutchinson.

Abubuwan amfanin gona a gwajin Hutchinson suma sun murmure da kyau daga lalacewa, kodayake sanyin sanyi na farkon faɗuwa na iya rage lokacin da kuma masu noma, idan aka haɗa su da lalacewar ciyawa na farkon lokacin. Hutchinson yana fatan kwaikwayon sanyi na farko a cikin binciken ruwan sama na gaba ta hanyar kashe kurangar inabi kafin lokaci. Hutchinson zai ƙara wani sabon abu a cikin gwaje-gwajen na wannan shekara: samfurin ƙasa zuwa zurfin ƙafar ƙafa da kuma nazarin lab, ƙayyade zurfin da herbicides suka shiga cikin ƙasa. Motsin da aka auna tare da waɗannan nazarin ana iya danganta shi da raunin amfanin gona da aka gani ko ba a gani ba.

Tana dasawa akai-akai Russet Burbank, wanda ake ganin yana jure wa maganin kashe kwari na metribuzin. Duk da haka, jijiyoyin rawaya - waɗanda ke nuna lalacewar metribuzin - sun bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki a gwaje-gwajenta, kamar yadda suka yi a wasu gonakin manoma a lokacin damina. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi kafin tsiro ya fito na iya haifar da ƙarancin sarrafa ciyawa, saboda magungunan kashe kwari suna motsawa sosai da sauri ta cikin ƙasa don kada ganyen ciyawa da saiwoyin su su sha. A cikin shekarun damina, manoman dankali da yawa dole ne su shafa magungunan kashe kwari bayan fitowar su.

Haɗarin lalacewar ciyawa saboda yawan ruwan sama na iya ƙara fitowa fili a cikin filayen da ƙasa mai yashi, ta inda ruwa da ƙarin magungunan dankalin turawa masu narkewa kamar Matrix da metribuzin, na iya shiga zurfi fiye da ƙasa mai nauyi. Hutchinson yana aiki tare da masu noma waɗanda ke noman ƙasa mai yashi kuma sun haɓaka shirye-shiryen kawar da ciyawa tare da ƙarancin ciyawa mai saurin narkewa da ruwa. Masu shuka za su iya sa ido sosai a farkon sarrafa ciyawa da kuma bibiyar maganin ciyawa bayan fitowar idan ya cancanta.

Hutchinson ya ce "Gwajin sun kara karfafa ta yadda idan kana da kasa mai yashi na gaske za ka samu motsin ciyawa kasa kasa fiye da yadda aka fahimta a baya lokacin da ruwan sama ya wuce kima," in ji Hutchinson.

Ritchey Toevs, manomin dankalin turawa na Aberdeen kuma tsohon shugaban hukumar dankalin turawa ta Idaho, ya yi imanin darussan binciken Hutchinson yana da amfani ga manoma, har ma a lokutan noman da aka saba. "Idan muna da rana mai iska kuma ba mu samun ruwa mai yawa kuma iska ta sa da wuya a yi ban ruwa daidai, za mu ƙara wasu sa'o'i kadan a wurin, kuma za mu iya kwafin ruwan sama mai yawa, ba tare da sanin barnar da aka yi ba. za mu iya haddasawa, "in ji Toevs.

– Jami’ar Idaho

Dankali ya harbe a cikin gonar noma biyo bayan ruwan sama mai yawa na Mayu 2019 yana girma a kusurwar dama, mai yiwuwa saboda lalacewar ciyawa. Hoto: Pam Hutchinson, Jami'ar Idaho