Amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuki (UAVs), wanda kuma aka sani da jirage marasa matuki, da kuma nazarin haɗin gwiwa
yana da babban damar tallafawa da magance wasu matsalolin da suka fi dacewa da su
noma dangane da samun damar yin amfani da bayanan inganci na ainihin lokaci.
Ana iya amfani da shi a matakai daban-daban a duk lokacin sake zagayowar amfanin gona:
- Binciken ƙasa da filin - Bayan samun madaidaicin taswirar 3D don ƙasa, ana iya tsara dasa shuki kuma ana iya bincika matsayin abinci don ƙarin ayyuka:
- Shuka - UAS harba tsaba tare da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa tare da matsakaicin ɗaukar kashi 75 cikin ɗari, don haka yana rage farashin shuka.
- Sa ido kan amfanin gona - raye-raye-raye-raye na lokaci-lokaci na iya nuna daidaitaccen ci gaban amfanin gona da bayyana gazawar samarwa, yana ba da damar sarrafa amfanin gona mafi kyau.
- Ban ruwa - Drones tare da hyperspectral, multispectral, ko thermal na'urori masu auna firikwensin na iya gano waɗanne sassa na filin ya bushe ko buƙatar haɓakawa.
- Kiwon lafiya - Ta hanyar duba amfanin gona ta amfani da haske na bayyane da na kusa-kusa, na'urorin da ke ɗauke da drone za su iya gano waɗanne shuke-shuke ke nuna nau'ikan hasken kore da hasken NIR. Wannan bayanin zai iya samar da hotuna da yawa waɗanda ke bin sauye-sauye a cikin tsire-tsire kuma suna nuna lafiyarsu.
Hotunan filaye da yawa, galibi manoma suna amfani da su ta ayyukan intanet kamar Sen2-Agri (http://www.esa-sen2agri.org/), Onesoil (https://onesoil.ai/en/), da sauransu. shafuka suna amfani da hotuna daga sararin samaniya (misali, daga tauraron dan adam Sentinel)
Babban matsala tare da hotunan tauraron dan adam shine ƙarancin ɗan lokaci da ƙudurin sarari. Tauraron dan adam na Sentinel kyauta yana ba da daidaiton tsari na mita 10 akan kowane pixel, wanda bai isa a cimma daidaito ba. Wannan yana ƙara da gaskiyar cewa zagayowar sarrafa bayanai a duniya shine kwanaki 10, don haka jinkirin lokacin bayanan yana kan matsakaicin kwanaki 3-5, wanda a lokacin rani bazai yi saurin isa don yanke shawara ba. Tauraron dan adam da aka biya suna ba da ƙudurin har zuwa mita 2 akan kowane pixel, amma ana biyan su. Kuma duk tauraron dan adam yana da matsalar girgije, a wasu wuraren rufewar girgije na iya kaiwa kashi 50% na lokaci. A lokaci guda kuma, wuraren da gizagizai suka rufe a cikin hotunan sararin samaniya "karya" - an "zana su" ta hotuna daga hotuna na makwabta, wanda ya rage amincin su. A sakamakon haka, bayanan da manoma suka samu daga hotunan tauraron dan adam yana ba da daidaito na ƙayyade matakin macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus) a cikin ƙasa ba fiye da 75% ba, har ma tare da jinkirin jinkiri da rashin kuskuren wuri.
Lokacin harbi daga UAV, manomi zai iya samun ƙuduri har zuwa 3-5 cm, wato, fiye da sau 100 mafi kyau. Dangane da haka, daidaiton ƙayyade matakin macronutrients zai iya kaiwa 90-95%. A daya bangaren kuma, ana iya auna yawan filayen gonakin noma cikin dubun-duba-duba, isasshe mai nisa, fili daya ya mamaye dubun da daruruwan hekta ko kadada. Sakamakon haka, a tsakiyar aikin gona, yana da wahala manomi ya tashi da kansa a duk filayen gaba ɗaya akan UAV, wannan na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Kudin Ma'aikatan Jirgin - Matsakaicin ƙimar taswirar yau da kullun daga $ 800 zuwa $ 1200.
Mafi alƙawarin yau shine haɗin hotuna daga tauraron dan adam da hotuna daga UAVs. Masanan halittu sun yi imanin cewa kallon multilayer ne - haɗuwa da bayanan kallon ƙasa, hotunan tauraron dan adam, da hotuna daga jirgi maras nauyi - wanda ke ba da sakamako mafi kyau a cikin aikin. Tare da yin amfani da fasahar koyon injin, AI, tare da sarrafa hotuna na lokaci guda daga tauraron dan adam da UAVs, yana yiwuwa a cimma daidaitattun daidaito na 90-95% a kan dukan yanki ba tare da farashi mai mahimmanci ba.
Wata matsalar amfani da jirage marasa matuka a kan ku. Quadcopters na yau da kullun suna da ɗan gajeren zango - 50-100 hectare a kowace jirgin sabili da haka ana amfani da su a cikin filayen. Kafaffen UAV yana buƙatar manomi don samun cancantar matukin jirgi, ba zai iya tashi da ƙasa kai tsaye ba, suna da rauni kuma suna ba da hotuna tare da ƙarancin inganci da ƙuduri.
Maganin shine a yi amfani da sabon nau'in drone - Optiplane rotorcraft. Suna haɗa fa'idodin 'yan sanda da kafaffen reshe amma ba su da lahani. Ba kamar na'urar 'yan sanda ba, rotorcraft na iya rufe yanki har zuwa sau 10 mafi girma a cikin jirgi ɗaya - fiye da kadada 1000. Ba kamar UAV mai kafaffen fiffike ba, rotorcraft baya buƙatar manomi ya sami damar sarrafa UAV - gabaɗayan jirgin daga tashi zuwa saukowa yana atomatik. Bayan saitin, ta atomatik yana ganin shawarwari don gyara aikin filin a cikin wayarsa ko akan kwamfutar hannu - NDVI, NDWI, AF1, ARI1 maps, bayanai na musamman.