Ta yaya tasirin dankalin turawa ga canjin yanayi?

Abu ne na yau da kullun a yi tunanin cewa albarkatun abinci za su sha mummunan sakamako sakamakon ƙaruwar yanayin zafi na duniya ko ƙarancin ruwa da canjin yanayi ya haifar, duk da haka, illolin da ake samu sun dogara sosai kan yanayin muhalli na kowane yanki agro-muhalli, a kan bukatun yanayin yanayi na nau'ikan da nau'ikan nome.

Dankalin turawa shine noman rani-rani wanda yake da manyan buƙatun zafin jiki don lokacin fitowan, tuberization da cikawar zafin jiki, wanda ya fara daga 14 ° C zuwa 25 ° C. Tunda nomansa a yankuna masu zafi ko kuma yanayin ƙasa gaba ɗaya ya wuce waɗannan buƙatun na zafin, 1 ko Karuwar 2 ° C sama da matsakaicin yanayin zafin yanayi na yanzu saboda ɗumamar yanayi ana sa ran zai sami mummunan tasiri akan yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana tsammanin irin wannan tasirin a cikin yankuna tare da can yankin Bahar Rum kamar tsakiyar Chile, inda matsakaicin yanayin zafi a lokacin rani ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarancin samun ruwa don ban ruwa sakamakon fari. A wannan yanayin, ba shi yiwuwa a yi tunani game da noman dankali ba tare da ban ruwa a waɗannan yankuna ba.

A halin yanzu a yankin kudancin ƙasar, inda ake samar da noman dankalin turawa, amfanin gona ya haɓaka ƙarƙashin matsakaicin yanayin da ke kusa da 14 ° C, ƙima mafi girma ga matakai daban-daban na ci gabanta. Duk da cewa a wasu kwanaki na sake zagayowar mafi kyawun yanayin zafi na wasu hoursan awanni a rana, tsire-tsire ba zai sami lalacewar dindindin ga aikinta ba.

Karatun filin da aka gudanar a University of Australia na Chile, ta masu binciken da suka yi rijistar wannan labarin, sun nuna cewa, ya danganta da tsawon lokaci da lokacin ƙaruwar yawan zafin jiki yayin da yake zagayawa, dankali zai amsa daidai gwargwadon ƙaruwar zafin da ake tsammani. saboda tasirin canjin yanayi na yankin kudancin Chile.

 Yanayin zafin jiki mafi girma (+ 3 zuwa + 7 ° C) na ɗan gajeren lokaci (kwana 20) a farkon cikawar tubers yana motsa hotuna, tsawon lokacin yankin ganye kore sabili da haka tsawaita cika ƙwan tubers da ke haifar da ƙaruwa a matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa na 30%, a cikin asalin ƙasar (Chona Negra) da nau'ikan kasuwanci (Karú INIA da Desiree). Masu binciken sun nuna cewa fa'idar da aka samu a cikin gajeren lokacin dumama,

Wadannan sakamakon gwajin sun bamu damar fahimtar cewa yanayin zafi na yankin kudancin Chile zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau don ci gaban dankali, koda kuwa a yanayi ne na canjin yanayi. A wannan mahallin, ciyar da kwanakin shuka, gwargwadon shawarar daidaitawa don sauran albarkatu, ba lallai ba ne ya dace da noman dankalin turawa, saboda zai fallasa shi zuwa yanayin ƙarancin yanayi. Amfani da nau'ikan juriya ko waɗanda ke ba da amsa daidai gwargwadon ƙaruwar zafin jiki, a gefe guda, ya bayyana azaman dabarun daidaitawa wanda zai iya kawo fa'idodi ga masu kera kuma wanda ya zama dole a ci gaba da kimantawa a cikin jinsin halittu daban-daban.

Duk da kyakkyawan sakamako na waɗannan karatun, ba za mu gaza yin la'akari da cewa ana tsammanin ƙaruwa a cikin yawan zafin yanayi mai tsananin gaske ba. A zahiri, a cikin decadesan shekarun da suka gabata an sami ƙaruwa a cikin jimlar sa’o’in da amfanin gona ke fuskantar yanayi mai tsananin zafi (> 32 ° C), wanda zai haifar da lalacewar ilimin lissafi ga amfanin gona. Misali, a cikin Valdivia, yawan awannin da ake nunawa zuwa yanayin zafi mai yawa ya karu daga 15, a cikin shekarun 90, zuwa fiye da awanni 80 a cikin shekaru goma na yanzu, yana ƙaruwa lokacin damuwa na shuke-shuke.

Wani yanayin yanayi wanda ba za'a iya yin biris dashi ba idan ya shafi tasirin zafin jiki akan amfanin gona shine samun ruwa. Gumi shine babbar hanyar sarrafa ganyayyaki na ganyayyaki kuma, a gefe guda, ƙaruwa da zafin jiki zai haɓaka buƙatar ƙarancin yanayi, saboda haka buƙatun ruwa na iya ƙaruwa. A cikin dankali, bambance-bambance a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa tsakanin mai ban ruwa da ɗayan a busasshiyar ƙasa na iya kai kashi 60%, galibi saboda raguwar girman tubers.

A yanzu kashi 70% na yankin dankalin turawa a yankin kudu maso tsakiyar ana samar da shi ne a karkashin yanayin ruwan sama tare da samar da amfanin gona kasa da karfin da za a iya samu tare da wadatar kusan 500 mm a kakar. La'akari da abin da ke sama, raguwar ruwan sama a daminar bazara, kamar yadda aka tsara sakamakon canjin yanayi, zai shafi amfanin gonar yankin kudu na Chile, idan ba a hango aiwatar da ban ruwa ba bisa ga bukatun kowane yanki.

Abu mai mahimmanci don haskakawa daga wannan binciken shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki a cikin yanayin muhalli a kudancin Chile, a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa ya haifar da sakamako mai tsanani fiye da ƙarƙashin ban ruwa. Akasin haka, matsakaicin yanayin zafi haɗe da ban ruwa zai amfanar da amfanin gona, dangane da yanayin yanzu, a cikin nau'ikan kasuwanci kuma abin mamaki a cikin mafi girman rabo a cikin varietiesan asalin da aka kimanta. Sakamakon ya ba da hujja bayyananniya cewa dankalin Chiloé dan asalin yana nuna halin banbanci da nau'ikan kasuwanci, wanda ke nufin fa'ida ga yanayin canjin na gaba.

camposureno.cl dankalin turawa zuwa canjin yanayi

labarai / agrotechnology / agronomy /