A cikin wani jawabi mai karfi da zai bude COP15, taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan halittu masu rai, a Montreal, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya ce "Muna yaki da yanayi" kuma ya yi kira da "yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da yanayi."
Canjin amfanin gona, dabbobi da kuma noman katako don tabbatar da ayyuka masu dorewa zai rage mafi girman direbobi kasadar bacewa don nau'ikan tsire-tsire na ƙasa a cikin yanayi daban-daban, a cewar wata takarda da aka buga a Ilimin Halitta. Sanin wannan yana ba mu damar fara yin wannan “kwanciyar zaman lafiya da yanayi.”
Binciken ya yi amfani da bayanai daga Brazil, Afirka ta Kudu da Norway a cikin wani sabon salo, don gano damar da za a rage haɗarin bacewar nau'in shuka. Aikin haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin masana kimiyya na duniya da masu kiyayewa, wanda Jami'ar Newcastle ke jagoranta.
Dabbobi suna barazanar ragewa da maidowa
Marubutan sun yi amfani da sabon ma'aunin STAR (Species Threat Abatement and Restoration) zuwa nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyin jini waɗanda aka tantance a jerin jajayen jajayen ƙasa. Haɗin kai a duk ƙasashen uku shine babbar barazanar da ayyukan noma ke haifarwa ga nau'in shuka. A Brazil, haɗarin bacewar nau'ikan tsire-tsire 2,791 da aka haɗa cikin binciken za a iya ragewa da kashi 29% ta hanyar magance barazanar ayyukan noma. Nau'in tsiro 1,894 da aka yi nazari a Afirka ta Kudu haka ma za a iya rage haɗarin bacewarsu da kashi 36 cikin ɗari, yayin da Norway za ta iya samun raguwar kashi 54 cikin ɗari a cikin haɗarin bacewa na nau'in tsiron ƙasa 301 da aka yi nazari.
An bayyana yanayi na musamman na kowace ƙasa ta hanyar gano ƙarin dama don rage haɗarin bacewar nau'ikan. A Brazil, rage barazanar daga fadada birane zai iya rage haɗarin bacewar nau'ikan da kashi 21%, yayin da yake rage barazanar gobara, wanda ke haifar da shi. canjin yanayi da sare bishiyoyi, zai iya rage haɗarin bacewa da ƙarin kashi 10%. A Afirka ta Kudu, jinsunan masu cin zali suna haifar da babbar barazana ga flora masu yawa, kuma magance wannan barazanar na iya rage haɗarin ɓarkewar tsirrai da kashi 21%. A cikin babbar ƙasa ta Norway, ana iya samun raguwar kashi 39 cikin ɗari na haɗarin bacewar nau'ikan ta hanyar tinkarar matsalar. barazana daga sauyin yanayi, wanda ke da wahala musamman ga kiyayewa, ganin cewa ba lallai ba ne a iya tinkarar sauyin yanayi a cikin gida.
Jagorar marubucin, Dokta Louise Mair, na Makarantar Kimiyyar Halittu da Muhalli ta Jami'ar Newcastle, ta ce, "Binciken ya nuna muhimmancin yin la'akari da bukatun kiyayewa na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i. Yayin da mafi girman damar da za a rage haɗarin ɓarkewar tsire-tsire na ƙasa da na kasusuwa na ƙasa, irin su amphibians, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, ya zo ne daga rage barazanar da ake samu daga aikin noma, mahimmancin mahimmancin magance wasu barazanar ya bambanta ga tsire-tsire idan aka kwatanta da binciken da aka yi a baya. terrestrial vertebrates. "
"Ko da yake 'yan tsirarun nau'o'in halittu suna faruwa a Norway, wannan binciken ya nuna cewa Norway za ta iya ba da gudummawar gaske don rage haɗarin lalacewa ta duniya ta hanyar kiyaye yawan yawan tsire-tsire na arctic-alpine," in ji Dokta Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide daga Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Yaren mutanen Norway.
MSc. Lara Monteiro, mai haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Dorewa ta Duniya da Ph.D. dan takara a Shirin Digiri na Albarkatun Kasa a Jami'ar Vermont (US), da MSc. Eduardo Fernandez, mataimakin shugaban IUCN SSC Brazil Plant Red List Authority kuma mai gudanarwa na Red List Unit a Cibiyar Kula da Tsirrai ta Kasa a Lambun Botanic na Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), ya kara da cewa, “Baya kuma nuna muhimmancin tinkarar barazana daban-daban. wanda ya shafi dorewar flora na Brazil, wannan binciken ya kuma nuna gagarumin kokarin bincike da Brazil ta cimma ya zuwa yanzu, da kuma muhimmancin saka hannun jari a fadada kimar jajayen jajayen jajayen ja na kasa don gano Barazana da Kusa da Barazana.
"Haɓaka bincike kan ingantattun ayyuka don yaƙi da rage asarar nau'ikan a ƙarƙashin yanayin canjin yanayi, kamar dawo da yanayin gandun daji, na iya taimaka mana mu dawo daga gaɓar dubban nau'ikan da ke fuskantar bacewa kuma, don haka, ba da damar cimma nasarar. hari na kasa.”
Ɗauki mafi girma bambancin nau'in
Lissafin ja na ƙasa suna ba da muhimmiyar hanya don ba da damar irin waɗannan nazarin don ɗaukar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan; kawai 13% na nau'in tsire-tsire suna da kimar duniya game da haɗarin bacewa, duk da haka Afirka ta Kudu ta yi kima na ƙasa na duk nau'ikan tsire-tsire 20,401 da ke cikin iyakokinta, yayin da Brazil ta kimanta kusan 22% (7,830 daga cikin nau'ikan 35,683) na flora iri-iri. . Nazarce-nazarcen da ke amfani da bayanan jajayen bayanai na ƙasa, kamar waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin wannan binciken, ba wai kawai sauƙaƙe haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in kiwo ne kawai da ke ba da damar yin nazari akan yanayin kiyayewa na kowace ƙasa ba.
Ma'aunin STAR da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan binciken yana ba da kayan aiki don ba da damar masu yanke shawara na gida da na ƙasa su tantance yuwuwar gudummawar da suke bayarwa don rage yawan nau'in halittu a duniya. lalata kasada, ba su damar shiga cikin tsarin tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare na kasa da kasa ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na mahallin kasa. Irin waɗannan nazarin za su kasance masu mahimmanci don tallafawa jinsunan kiyayewa a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Halittu na Duniya na bayan-2020 wanda a halin yanzu aka amince da shi a taron ƙasashe na goma sha biyar na ɓangarorin zuwa Yarjejeniyar kan bambancin halittu, a Montreal.