Ci gaban noman dankalin turawa & kwayoyin halittar shuka. Duk vines & babu taters?

Ko ana aika carbohydrates zuwa ga ganye ko tubers ya dogara da yawa akan hormones na shuka, wanda ke tsara duk wani nau'i na ci gaban shuka.

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan hormones don samar da dankalin turawa shine gibberellic acid (GA). GA yana haɓaka haɓakar ganye da haɓaka stolon. Kuma yana da kishiyar tasiri akan girma tuber. Don fara tubers, matakan GA a cikin tushen da stolons dole ne su ragu, yayin da sauran hormones, musamman auxin da abcisic acid (ABA), karuwa.

Hormones na shuka suna da matuƙar amsa ga canje-canje a cikin yanayin shuka, gami da zafin jiki. Babban yanayin zafi yana ƙara matakan GA kuma yana rage matakan auxin da ABA. Ƙananan yanayin zafi yana da tasirin baya.

Zazzabi da haɓakar amfanin gona

Lokacin da nake makarantar digiri na biyu, ɗaya daga cikin farfesa na ya gaya mani game da nazarin ɗakin girma inda tsire-tsire dankalin turawa ke girma a 77 ° F. Tsire-tsire sun samar da alfarwa mai kyau amma ba ta samar da tubers ba. Suna buƙatar ƙananan yanayin zafi don haifar da ci gaban tuber.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don girma tuber an ce kusan 59 ° F, yayin da ga ganye yana kusan 75 ° F. Zagayowar yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, tare da sanyin dare da ranakun dumi, ya dace don samar da dankalin turawa.

Babban yanayin zafi a farkon lokacin girma na iya jinkirta farawa tuber da farkon saurin tuber bulking yayin haɓaka haɓakar alfarwa. Tsawon jinkirin ci gaban tuber na iya haifar da ƙarancin amfanin gona idan an girbe amfanin gona da wuri. Amma yana iya zama ba matsala idan za ku iya tsawaita lokacin girma don rama lokacin da aka rasa.

Sabanin haka, ƙananan yanayin zafi suna saurin ƙaddamar da tuber. Wannan kuma zai iya haifar da ƙananan amfanin gona domin shuka dole ne ya raba albarkatunsa don tallafawa ci gaban ganye da tuber na tsawon lokaci.

Misalai na lokaci da tasirin zafin jiki

Bari mu karya wannan ga yadda lokaci da yanayin zafi ke shafar ci gaban tuber. Babban yanayin zafi bayan farawar tuber na iya rage yawan amfanin gona ta hanyoyi biyu: Adadin photosynthesis yana haifar da shukar samar da ƙarancin carbohydrates. Photosynthesis a dankali yana da kyau a 75 ° F, yana raguwa da sauri yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi, kuma yana tsayawa sosai a kusan 86 ° F.

Damuwar zafi na iya haifar da fifikon rarraba carbohydrates zuwa ga ganye maimakon tubers (sakamakon hormone da aka bayyana a sama). A gaskiya ma, wani lokacin shuka yana sake dawo da carbohydrates daga tubers don tallafawa ci gaban ganye. Matsanancin zafin zafi jim kaɗan bayan ƙaddamar da tuber na iya haifar da wasu ƙananan tubers su ɓace gaba ɗaya.

Daga baya damuwa zafi na farawa zai iya haifar da cututtuka na tuber. Cutar da aka sani da "ƙarshen sukari" ko "ƙarshen translucent" ko "ƙarshen jelly" yana haifar da lokacin da tsire-tsire ke janye carbohydrates daga ƙarshen tuber don tallafawa ci gaban alfarwa bayan lokacin zafi. Zafi na iya fitowa lokacin da zafin zafi ya hana ci gaban tuber sannan shukar ta samar da tsiro a ƙarshen toho na tuber lokacin da girma ya dawo. A wannan yanayin, hormones na shuka suna nuna alamar komawa ga ci gaban ciyayi.

“Dukan kurangar inabi kuma babu tater” wata magana ce daga Amurka ta ƙarni na 19 da ta kwatanta wani abu ko kuma wanda yake da kyan gani amma ba shi da hankali ko kuma hankali. Yawancin mutanen da suka saba da samar da dankalin turawa sun fahimci magana. Amma yawancin jama'a a zamanin yau ba su fahimci asali da ma'anarsa ba.

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Ci gaban noman Nitrogen da Dankali

Zazzabi ba shine kawai abin da ke shafar rabon carbohydrates a cikin tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa ba.

Babban matakan haihuwa na nitrogen kuma na iya haifar da haɓakar ganye da yawa a cikin kuɗin tubers. Don haka, bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba don sanin cewa nitrogen kuma yana tasiri matakan hormones na shuka waɗanda ke daidaita girma tuber. An haɗa babban nitrogen tare da ƙara GA da rage auxin da ABA. Ƙananan nitrogen yana da tasirin baya.

Yana ɗaukar ganye don haɓaka amfanin gona na dankalin turawa, kuma ana samun yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin da tsire-tsire dankalin turawa suka rufe ƙasa da sauri. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire sun kama mafi girman adadin kuzarin hasken rana Amma dole ne ku daidaita daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin ci gaban ganye da tuber. Girman ganye mai yawa na iya jinkirta farawa da tuber da girma. Kuma idan lokacin girma ya yi tsayi sosai, yawancin makamashi (carbohydrates) wanda ke kula da babban alfarwa ba zai ƙare a cikin tubers ba. A gefe guda, duk wani abu da ke hana mafi kyawun matakin girma na alfarwa zai haifar da shukar ta sami ƙarancin kuzari da iyakance yawan amfanin ƙasa.

/ aikin gona /