Dankali marigayi blight: taba-yanzu cuta

Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans oomycete, is the most important disease of potato cultivation in the world. This disease affects both leaves, stems and tubers, reducing the yield by more than 50%.

Late bugun jini wata cuta ce ta polycyclic, ma’ana, tana da zagayowar kamuwa da cuta da kuma samar da inoculum a daidai wannan lokacin noman, yayin da yanayi mai kyau na matsakaiciyar yanayi (7 zuwa 27 ° C) da damshin dangi sama da 80% suna nan. . Ana iya kiyaye cutar daga lokaci zuwa lokaci azaman mycelium akan tubers dankalin da ya kamu, ko iri ne, ɓarnar ko ragowar amfanin gona a filin. Wadannan tubers din na iya haifar da tsiro mai cuta, wanda a ciki ake samar da ganyayyaki wanda ruwan sama da iska suka tarwatsa, wanda ke ba da damar kamuwa da sabbin tsirrai da kyallen takarda.

Da farko, cutar tana bayyana kanta a matsayin ƙananan, wuraren da basu dace ba waɗanda suke koren kore zuwa kore mai duhu, waɗanda suke farawa daga gefunan ganye kuma suna yaɗuwa ba tare da mutunta jijiyoyin ba. A karkashin yanayin muhalli masu kyau, aibobin suna kara girma, suna juyawa zuwa manyan launin ruwan kasa zuwa raunin cutar necrotic baki, kuma cewa, a gaban ruwa mai kyauta, ana iya yin farin jini a gefen gefen ganyen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar, wanda aka samu ta hanyar sporangia na da pathogen. A kan bishiyoyi, ana iya ganin raunin haske mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda ke daɗaɗawa da kewaye da kara, yana mai da su da rauni. Bangaren waje na tubers din da ke dauke da kwayar cutar yana da wuraren da ba daidai ba, inda bawon yake daukar launin ruwan kasa zuwa mai launin ja,

JAGORAN CUTA

Don kula da wannan ƙwayar cuta, an ba da shawarar haɗaɗɗiyar gudanar da cutar, wanda ke haifar da kula da al'adu da sinadarai. Sabili da haka, dabarun kula da ƙarshen latti yakamata yayi la'akari:

Kayan lafiya: kawar da duk hanyoyin da ake samun cuta, wato, ragowar tubers, tsire-tsire na son rai, maganin cutar, da sauransu, kuma dole ne a zubar da su, ko dai ta hanyar binnewa, takin ko kona shi.

Gudanar da al'adu wannan ba ya son cutar: kamar amfani da inda zai yiwu na ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu saukin kamuwa, daidaitaccen hawan nitrogen gwargwadon aikin samarwa, dasa shuki da ke faɗakar da iska mai shiga tsakani, kauce wa lalacewar tsire-tsire da tubers a aikin noma, ingantaccen ban ruwa mai hana ambaliyar ruwa , da sauransu.

Amfani da kayan gwari a lokacin da ya dace: Lokacin amfani da kayan gwari don kula da wannan cuta, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da su da kyau, sanin ingancin sarrafawa, yanayin aiki da kuma, asali, lokacin yin aikace-aikace na farko da yawansa, wanda zai dogara da juriya na nau'in, da yanayin yanayi. da kuma kasancewar kwayar cutar a yankin.

 Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kayan gwari sun fi tasiri a matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, kafin a iya ganin alamun sauƙin, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da su ba da kariya ba yayin da yanayin muhalli mai kyau don kamuwa da cuta ya taso. Babu wani maganin gwari da zai iya warkar da cuta kwata-kwata, tasirinsa yana ƙasa da zarar cutar ta kafu, musamman ma lokacin da yanayi ya dace da blight kuma cutar tana aiki sosai.

Ya kamata a aiwatar da aikace-aikacen kayan gasa ta amfani da allurai da aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar kasuwanci, tare da bututun da ya dace wanda ke samar da digo don kyakkyawan ɗaukar hoto da jikewar tsire-tsire, musamman ƙarƙashin ƙananan takardu a cikin batun maganin fungicides. Ya kamata a hana samfurin yin digo a ƙasa don adana kan farashin aikace-aikacen da kuma guje wa gurɓatar muhalli. Bugu da kari, ragowar sakamakon samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi dole ne a san shi, ma'ana, lokacin kariya na shuka akan ƙwayar cuta. Mafi yawan kayayyakin samammu masu kamala na ƙarshe suna da ragowar tasiri na kwanaki 7 da ƙari na kwanaki 10.

FARKON JANAR FARKO DA NUNA AYYUKAN

Tun da ƙarshen yaɗuwa ya dogara da yanayin mahalli mai kyau, tsarin gargaɗin farko kayan aikin tallafi ne masu fa'ida. Waɗannan tsarin suna amfani da samfuran da suka danganci yanayin yanayi don hango haɗarin ci gaban cuta.

A cikin Chile, INIA ta haɓaka kuma ta aiwatar da tsarin gargaɗi na farko don ƙarshen cutar, wanda ke kan dandamali http://tizon.inia.cl , wanda ke amfani da bayanai daga cibiyar sadarwar ilimin zamani ta INIA http://agrometerologia.cl don ƙayyade yanayin haɗari a kusa da kowane tashar tashar yanayi. A yau wannan tsarin yana da masu amfani da rajista 5,000, waɗanda za su iya samun damar bayanai kai tsaye daga dandamali, ta hanyar imel ko ta saƙon rubutu.

 Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa amfani da tsarin gargadi na farko na iya rage yawan aikace-aikacen da ake bukata don ingantaccen maganin cuta, tsakanin 64 da 33% idan aka kwatanta da tsayayyen kulawar kalanda, ya danganta da yanayin yanki da kuma yanayi.

Tsarin faɗakarwa na INIA yana nuna halin yanzu don sakin ɓarna da kamuwa da cuta, sabili da haka, idan yanayi mai kyau ya auku, shawarwarin shine don kiyaye al'adun. Faɗakarwa suna ba da izinin amfani da sarrafa sinadaran lokaci-lokaci, ingantaccen tsada da tasirin mahalli.

Tsarin gargadi na farko na INIA yana nuna yanayin haɗarin cutar ta amfani da launuka:

RED: KYAUTA yanayi mai kyau don cigaban Late Blight. Ana ba da shawarar aikace-aikacen kayan gwari Kula da amfanin gona la'akari da ragowar sakamakon samfurin.

Orange: Yanayin kyau ga Late Blight. Ana ba da shawarar aikace-aikacen kayan gwari Kula da amfanin gona la'akari da ragowar sakamakon samfurin.

YELLOW: Matsakaicin matsakaici-LOW don Late Blight. Duba al'ada a cikin kwanaki 3 masu zuwa. Kare amfanin gona idan kuna amfani da ire-iren abubuwa masu saukin kamuwa ko kuma suna ƙarƙashin ban ruwa.

GREEN: Babu wasu sharuɗɗa don ci gaban Late Blight. Aiwatar da kayan gwari ba lallai bane.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsarin tsarin faɗakarwar INIA, ana iya yin hasashen yanayi na kwanaki 3 masu zuwa. Don haka masu amfani zasu iya yanke shawara game da tukin mota tun da wuri.

/ agronomic-archive /