Abubuwan da aka gano kwanan nan tsakanin tsire-tsire da sunadaran sunadarai sun buɗe sabbin hanyoyi don sanya tsire-tsire masu tsayayya da ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka kiyaye amfanin gona a cikin sauyin yanayi.
Cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire na yau da kullun suna rage amfanin gona na muhimman tsire-tsire na abinci. A cikin mafi munin yanayi, ƙwayoyin cuta na dankalin turawa, da sauransu, na iya lalata kusan 80% na amfanin gona a filayen da cutar ta kama.
Tsire-tsire ba su da kariya gaba ɗaya game da ƙwayoyin cuta, duk da cewa ba su da garkuwar jiki kamar wanda ake samu a cikin mutane. Don ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, hanyar farko ta kariya game da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ita ce rufe bakin jini. Ta hanyar amfani da inji, kwayoyin halittun suna gano asalin kwayoyin halittar kasashen waje wadanda suka samo asali daga kwayar cutar sannan su yanka shi kanana.
“Hakanan, wadannan sassan kwayar halittar suna jagorantar kwayar halittar kwayar halitta don ganowa da lalata kwayoyin halittar kwayar cuta. A sakamakon haka, samar da sunadarai na kwayar cuta sun ƙare, wanda ake fassara da 'yin shiru' na ƙwayoyin cuta. Amsar kare kai da aka samu cikin nasara na hana kwayar cutar yaduwa a cikin shuka, ”in ji Docent Kristiina Makinen daga Faculty of Aikin Gona da Gandun Daji, Jami'ar Helsinki.
Virwayoyin cuta na iya satar tsarin kariya na shuka
A lokaci guda, ƙwayoyin cuta suma suna da hanyoyin da zasu bijiro da kuma ɓata hanyoyin kariya na mai gida. Wata kungiyar bincike da ta kware a kan kwayar cutar dan adam, karkashin jagorancin M ledkinen, ta binciki mu'amalar da ke tsakanin kwayar dankalin turawa A da kuma sunadarai masu karbar bakuncin. Mäkinen da ƙungiyarta sun sami furotin guda huɗu da ke da ban sha'awa musamman, saboda an tsara shi ne kan tsarin kariyar shuka.
“Wannan furotin ba zai iya dakatar da dakatar da jinni kawai ba, har ma da amfani da abubuwan da ke cikin aikin don samar da kwayar kwayar cutar da samuwar sabbin kwayar cutar. A wata ma'anar, karfin kwayar cutar, kamar dai, tsarin garkuwar shuka ya ci karo da manufar da aka nufa da shi, don samun tagomashi. ”
Halittu suna da hannu cikin juriya - dabarun kiwo na zamani da ake buƙata
Nazarin kan tsirrai wadanda suke da kwayar cutar kwayar halitta sun nuna cewa juriyarsu galibi ta dogara ne da maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar kwayar halitta wacce ke toshe mu'amala tsakanin kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta da ta sunadarai. Don yin amfani da waɗannan maye gurbi a cikin kiwo, Masanin Jami'a Maija Pollari yana ganin ya zama dole a fara amfani da dabarun kiwo na zamani.
“Misali, dabarun CRISPR / Cas9, wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel a Chemistry, ya ba da damar tunkarar maye gurbi a daidai wurin da kwayar halittar take. Wannan babban ci gaba ne idan aka kwatanta da kiwo na gargajiya, wanda ya dogara da amfani da sinadaran mutagenic da kuma radiyoactive, ”in ji Pollari.
Hulɗa tsakanin tsire-tsire da ƙwayoyin sunadarai da aka gano ta Kungiyar bincike ta Kristiina Mäkinen bayar da sabbin manufofi don juriya na kin kwayar cutar dankalin turawa a cikin shuke-shuke. Manufar masu binciken ita ce gano wani bangare a cikin sunadaran shuka ta inda suke mu'amala da sunadaran kwayar.
“Lokacin da aka canza sunadarai ta yadda za a toshe ma'amala, tsarin dakatar da kwayar halittar na iya sake dawowa kan kwayar. Yanayin da ke jure wa ƙwayoyin cuta da ake amfani da su a cikin noman rage asara da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa kuma, saboda haka, haɓaka amfanin gona. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mai yiyuwa ne an rage nauyin sunadarai na muhalli, saboda an rage yawan sinadaran da ake amfani da su wajen hana ƙyamar fata, ”in ji Kristiina Mäkinen.
Magana:
Pollari M, De S, Wang A, Mäkinen K (2020) Sianƙarar da HCPro mai cike da bakin magana ke daukar ma'aikata kuma suna daukar bakuncin ARGONAUTE1 cikin ayyukan kwayar cutar. PLoS Pathog 16 (10): e1008965.
De S, Pollari M, Varjosalo M, Mäkinen K (2020) Ofungiyar furotin mai watsa shiri VARICOSE tare da HCPro a cikin hadadden ƙwayoyin cuta mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci ga RNA dakatar da shi, fassara, encapsidation da kuma yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta dankalin turawa A kamuwa da cuta. PLoS Pathog16 (10): e1008956.