Weeds & herbicides idan dankali ya girma

Wannan labarin ya bayyana a cikin Yuni 2021 fitowar Dankalin Turawa.

Ciyawar shekara-shekara, irin su oat (Avena fatau L.) da foxtail (Setariya spp.), na iya zama matsala a cikin dankali. Yawancin maganin kashe ciyayi da ake amfani da su kafin dankali da ciyawa su fito na iya ba da kyakkyawan kulawar ciyawa. Kada a yi hanzarin yanke hukunci a kan waɗancan magungunan na ciyawar, kodayake, idan ciyawar ta zama matsala bayan dankali ya bayyana. 

Batutuwa masu zurfin tunani

Furewar oat na daji yakan sauka sau ɗaya idan sanyi ko lokacin bazara ya ƙare. Don haka, dacewar fitowar ganyayyakin tanadin herbicide ya kamata ya zama duk abin da ake buƙata, dama? Yawancin ciyayi a cikin dankali galibi suna girma ne a saman inci 2 na ƙasa. Magungunan ciyawar da ta fara fitowa tare da aikin ƙasa an haɗa su zuwa wannan zurfin, kuma ya danganta da yanayin aiki, an hana ƙwayar ciyawar ciyawa kuma / ko ana kashe shuke-shuken kafin fitowarta.

Girman nau'in oat na daji, duk da haka, yana da girma babba, yana haifar da tanadi mai yawa don fitowarwa daga zurfin ƙasa zuwa inci 6. Yanayin sanyi a wannan zurfin hade da maganin kashe ciyawa ba a wurin da ya dace a lokacin da ya dace ba yana haifar da oat daji da ke fitowa a lokacin bazara, kodayake yanayin yanayin ƙasa da kusa da farfajiyar ƙasa ya yi zafi sosai don ƙwayar ciyawar ta iya ɗauka.

Mafi muni da jinkiri fiye da kowane lokaci

Green foxtail na iya tsirowa a duk lokacin bazara, don haka lokacin da ƙasa saura ragowar ciyawar ciyawar ta kankama, “makararriya” za ta iya faruwa. Ragowar ciyawar da ke saura na bukatar tsawon lokaci don sarrafa ciyawar marigayi, amma ba daɗewa ba har ta tsoma baki tare da amfanin gona bayan bin dankali.

Filin sandbur (Cenchrus spinifex) kuma na iya tsiro cikin ƙarshen bazara. Ditto don barnyardgrass (Echinochloa murƙushe-galli [L.] Beauv.). Kodayake yana da saukin kamuwa ga shading ta hanyar albarkatu da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba su da girma da ƙarfi kamar waɗanda suke tsirowa da wuri, sarrafa fitowar barnyardgrass na iya zama dole.

Yanzu me?

Akwai maganin kashe ciyawar dankalin turawa guda hudu kawai tare da aikin foliar a kan ciyawa: rimsulfuron (Matrix, Solida da sauransu), metribuzin, clethodim (Zaɓi da sauransu), da sethoxydim (Poast, Poast Plus da sauransu). Rimsulfuron da metribuzin na iya yin gamsarwa, amma suna da bin ƙuntatawa na amfanin gona (musamman sukari), musamman tare da aikace-aikacen ƙarshen-lokaci. Bugu da kari, tazarar girbi bayan girbi (PHI) bazai zama ƙasa da kwanaki 60 ba.

"Dims" hangen nesa

Clethodim da sethoxydim, waɗanda ake kira "dims" da masanan weed - waɗanda suke da tsari iri ɗaya kamar "fops" kamar su fluazifop-p-butyl - na iya zama mai tasiri sosai ga sarrafa ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa ta shekara-shekara a cikin dankali. Wadannan magungunan kashe ciyawar suna kula da ciyawa kawai kuma basu da aikin gona. Yin amfani da farko shine ta cikin ganyayyaki, kuma cikakken ɗaukar hoto yana da mahimmanci. Zasu iya yin kisa ta hanyar tuntuɓar su kuma ta hanyar shiga ciki kuma kodayake tsiron. Ana samun sarrafawa mafi inganci tare da aikace-aikace kafin karkatarwa lokacin da ciyawa ke ƙananan (tsakanin matakin ganye biyu da shida). Ya kamata ayi amfani da aikace-aikace don haɓaka ciyawar rayayye, ba waɗanda ke cikin damuwa ba. Kamar yadda kuma a inda zai yiwu, ana iya buƙatar ban ruwa a gabani (a cikin mako ɗaya).

Kore, ciyawar ciyawar gida

Lokaci don cikakken iko al'ada ɗaya ne zuwa makonni uku. Kamar wannan, kada ku damu idan tsire-tsire sun kasance kore a wannan lokacin. Haƙiƙa suna “mutuƙar kore.” Duba shi ta hanyar cire sabuwar ganye. Tushen zai zama launin ruwan kasa-mutu. Bayan an faɗi haka, ana buƙatar aikace-aikace na biyu a wannan lokacin idan launin ruwan ba ya bayyana, musamman ma a yanayin busassun ko kuma idan ciyawar sun fi matakin ganye shidda girma a lokacin aikace-aikacen.

Karka tayar da hayaniya

Ingancin Clethodim da sethoxydim ya ragu sosai idan babban maganin kashe ciyawa, kamar rimsulfuron, ana haɗuwa da shi ko amfani dashi a cikin kwana ɗaya na amfani da waɗannan ciyawar ciyawar. Wanda ake magana a kai a matsayin adawa - lokacin da sarrafa abubuwa biyu ko fiye da haɗi ya haɗu da ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani na kowane maganin kashe ciyawa da aka yi amfani da shi daban- rimsulfuron na iya haifar da raguwa a cikin hotunan hoto da haɓakar ciyawar ciyawar. Sakamakon shine ragin aikin herbicidal na ciyawar ciyawar. Sabili da haka, idan ana buƙatar magungunan kashe ciyawa biyu don maganin fitowar ciyawar bayan fitowar, kada a haɗa-tanki, kuma a tabbatar sanya aikace-aikacen fiye da kwana ɗaya a raba.

Koyaushe yi amfani da masarufi tare da ɗayan waɗannan magungunan kashe-kashen bayan fitowar. Za a iya samun takamaiman bayanai kan yawan kashe-kashen ciyawar da kuma abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su a kan alamun maganin ciyawar. Karanta koyaushe kuma bi umarnin lakabin.

Yi tsayayya da juriya

Yayin amfani da magungunan kashe ciyawa a matsayin wani bangare na hadadden gudanarwa da ya wajaba don hana ko jinkirta ci gaban yawan ciyawar da ke jurewa da ciyawar, maganin-ciyawar maganin ciyawa tare da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. da kuma Tabbatar cewa fiye da yanayi guda ɗaya na aiki yana aiki akan ciyawa ɗaya. Idan ba haka ba, bayan maimaita kuskuren tsawon shekaru, tsiron "daya cikin miliyan" a cikin jama'a a dabi'ance yana da tsayayya ga yanayin aikin ya rayu, ya samar da iri, kuma daga karshe ya mamaye yawan jama'ar.

Bayanin kula, an samo yawan oat din daji masu tsayayya da "fops" a yankin Pacific Northwest. Waɗannan ba su nuna, amma, nuna juriya ga clethodim ko sethoxydim.

Af, fitowar fitowar rimsulfuron, clethodim da sethoxydim na iya sarrafa quackgrass na yau da kullun lokacin amfani da su kafin matakin bunƙasa-ganye huɗu. Yanayi dole ne su zama masu dacewa, kuma aikace-aikace na biyu na iya zama dole. Duba alamun don ƙarin bayani.

Pamela JS Hutchinson ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar sako ne kuma ƙwararren masani ne game da tsarin noman dankalin Turawa wanda aka kafa a Cibiyar Bincike & Fadada ta Aberdeen na Jami'ar Idaho.

/ amfanin gona-kariya /