Yawan amfani da takin mai gina jiki na iya haifar da ci gaba da matsaloli masu inganci a cikin kayan lambu.
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya samar da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan gina jiki da amfanin gona ke buƙata, musamman nitrogen, kuma waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki yakamata a lissafta su a cikin shirin ku na taki gaba ɗaya.
Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙimar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwan ban ruwa da kuma yawan ruwan da kuke nema.
Gabatarwa
Yawan amfani da takin mai gina jiki na iya haifar da ci gaba da matsaloli masu inganci a cikin kayan lambu.
Misali, rarar amfani da sinadarin nitrogen na iya haifar da ci gaba mai yawa da matsaloli masu inganci a cikin kayan lambu da yawa wadanda suka hada da karas, dankali, latas da brassicas.
Ya kamata a lissafa abubuwan gina jiki da aka ƙara zuwa amfanin gona daga ruwan ban ruwa a cikin shirin takinku na gaba ɗaya.
Ruwa daga rami ko madatsun ruwa da ake amfani da su don ban ruwa ga amfanin gona ba tsarkakakku bane. Hakanan gishiri na yau da kullun (sodium chloride), ruwan ban ruwa galibi yana ɗauke da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci don haɓakar girma kamar su calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, potassium da wani lokacin phosphorus. Idan yawan wadannan abubuwan gina jiki da yawan ruwan da ake amfani da su suna da yawa, za a iya amfani da adadi mai yawa na gina jiki ga amfanin gona lokacin ban ruwa.
Yawan amfani da abubuwan gina jiki
Za'a iya lissafin yawan sinadarin da ake amfani da shi daga ruwan ban ruwa. Don yin wannan, bincika samar da ruwa don ƙayyade adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwan ban ruwa. Ya kamata kuma a tantance adadin ruwan ban ruwa da za a shafa wa amfanin gona.
Ana iya ƙididdige saurin abubuwan gina jiki da ake amfani da su daga ruwan ban ruwa daga Table 1.
Rate na ruwa amfani da samfurin
Don gano yawan ruwan ban ruwa da ake amfani da shi yau da kullun ko mako-mako ta tsarin ku, ko dai yi amfani da bayanan yayyafa mai dogaro ko auna fitarwa tare da ma'aunin ruwan sama.
Lokacin tattara samfurin ruwa don nazarin abinci mai gina jiki, ƙyale tsarin ban ruwa yayi aiki na mintina biyar sannan kuma kurkura kwalban filastik ko kwalba mai tsabta da murfinsa da ruwan ban ruwa.
Bayan an zubar da ruwan kurkum, tara samfurin 100 zuwa 200mL na ruwa daga masu yayyafa kuma sanya murfin sosai a kan akwatin. Kar a cika akwatin gaba ɗaya saboda yana iya buƙatar daskarewa kafin bincike. Ya kamata a tura samfurin ruwa da sauri zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.
Bayan nazarin samfurin, zaku karɓi takardar sakamako. Sakamakon da aka lissafa ya kamata ya haɗa da:
- jimlar nitrogen (duka-N)
- nitrate-nitrogen (BAYA3-N) da ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N)
- phosphorus (P)
- potassium (K)
- sulfur (S)
- alli (Ca)
- magnesium (Mg).
Don ƙayyade ƙimar mai gina jiki a cikin samfurin, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙimar duka. Koyaya, idan nazarin nitrogen kawai aka bayyana azaman nitrate, raba lambar da 4.5 don samun ƙarfin nitrate-nitrogen. Misali, 45mg / L nitrate yayi daidai da 10mg / L nitrate-nitrogen.
Ana amfani da kayan abinci
A matsayin misali, jimlar nitrogen da ake amfani da ita ga amfanin gona na kayan lambu daga ruwan ban ruwa 14kg / ha / sati ne idan ana amfani da 10mm na ruwan ban ruwa tare da nitrogen mai nauyin 20mg / L kowace rana har tsawon sati guda (ma'ana, 70mm na ruwan ban ruwa a kowace mako). Wannan adadi yana nunawa a cikin Shafi 1.
Ana amfani da ruwa (mm) | 1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
5 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.50 |
10 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.50 | 3.00 |
15 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 2.25 | 3.00 | 3.75 | 4.50 |
20 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 |
25 | 0.25 | 1.25 | 2.50 | 3.75 | 5.00 | 6.25 | 7.50 |
30 | 0.30 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 4.50 | 6.00 | 7.50 | 9.00 |
35 | 0.35 | 1.75 | 3.50 | 5.25 | 7.00 | 8.75 | 10.50 |
40 | 0.40 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 12.00 |
45 | 0.45 | 2.02 | 4.50 | 6.75 | 9.00 | 11.25 | 13.50 |
50 | 0.50 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 12.50 | 15.00 |
55 | 0.55 | 2.75 | 5.50 | 8.25 | 11.00 | 13.75 | 16.50 |
60 | 0.60 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 12.00 | 15.00 | 18.00 |
65 | 0.65 | 3.25 | 6.50 | 9.75 | 13.00 | 16.25 | 19.50 |
70 | 0.70 | 3.50 | 7.00 | 10.50 | 14.00 | 17.50 | 21.00 |
Lura: Miligram a kowace lita (mg / L) daidai yake da kashi cikin miliyan (ppm).
Don amfanin gona na mako 10, yawan adadin nitrogen da ake amfani da shi daga ruwan ban ruwa zai zama 140kg / ha. Ya kamata a rage yawan takin nitrogen da ake amfani da shi akan amfanin gona ta adadin da aka lasafta don rayuwar amfanin gona (a misali, 140kg N / ha).