Yankunan fararen fata a cikin wannan filin na Dakota ta Arewa ba dusar ƙanƙara ba ne - yankuna ne masu yawan gishiri, wanda a ƙarshe zai iya haifar da ƙarancin amfanin gona.
Noma yana buƙatar babban haƙuri don rawa da yanayi. Hakan gaskiya ne ga masu kera Arewacin Dakota kamar su Mark Cheatley. A wurare, ƙasarsa tana da matsala ta musamman: sodicity yana haifar da halayen sunadarai wanda, a cikin dogon lokaci, sanya layin ƙasa mai yawa, rage tafiyar ruwa na ƙasa, iyakance shigar kutse kuma, a ƙarshe, cutar yawan amfanin ƙasa. "A gonarmu, sodicity ya fara nunawa a kusa da yankuna masu danshi na dindindin," in ji Cheatley. “Mun fara ganin raguwar aiki a cikin wadannan 'zoben na mutuwa.' Abin da ya kasance ƙasarmu da ke da fa'ida ta gwagwarmayar haɓaka komai. ”
Me yasa Gishiri yake Nunawa
Gishiri da sodium gabaɗaya suna shiga cikin ƙasa daga kayan iyaye (abin da ƙasa ke samu daga) da kuma fitar ruwan ƙasa, in ji Tom DeSutter, farfesa a kimiyyar ƙasa a Jami'ar Jihar Dakota ta Arewa (NDSU). A yankin arewa maso gabas na jihar, gishiri yana zuwa daga shale da kuma daddawawar ruwa daga cikin rami na Dakota Formation aquifer. A kudu maso yammacin Arewa ta Arewa Dakota, galibi sun kasance daga kayan kayan kwalliya.
DeSutter ya ce "Idan ƙasa tana da yawan sinadarin sodium da gishirin gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin yumbu na ƙasar suna tare juna," in ji DeSutter. “A cikin tsarin halitta, tsawon lokaci tsayayyun cukurkudaddun yumbu ke gangarowa zuwa martabar kasar kuma suna kirkirar tsarin ginshiki wanda zai iya zama da wahala ga tushen shuke-shuken su shiga. Don haka, kasar ba ta da matukar amfani. ” Wadannan kasa sau da yawa suna da karancin zirga-zirga yayin jike. Sannan suna yin wuya lokacin bushe.
Don magance waɗannan ƙalubalen, Cheatley ya haɗu da NDSU Fadada zuwa ƙasan ƙasa ta hanyar haɗawa da gypsum ƙarewar iska. Yana so ya magance kashi 5% zuwa 15% na kadada huɗu wanda ba komai. "Matsalar tana kara ta'azzara, kuma ina fatan ganin gypsum ta sauya yanayin," in ji shi.
Gypsum wani samfuri ne na tsire-tsire masu ci a yammacin Dakota ta yamma. Lokacin da aka haɗa su cikin ƙasa, jerin halayen sunadarai na faruwa wanda kalisiya “ke aiki kamar gada tsakanin ƙurar ƙasa da inganta haɗakar sinadarai,” in ji Naeem Kalwar, ƙwararren masanin lafiyar ƙasa da NDSU Extension, wanda ke taimaka wa Cheatley don magance matsakaiciyar ƙasa. "Wannan yana haifar da ingantaccen tsarin ƙasa, ramin fili da shigar ruwa - don kawai faɗi wasu fa'idodi."
Yadda Gypsum ke Taimakawa
Amfani da gypsum, tare da sauran ayyukan kiwon lafiya na ƙasa kamar albarkatun gona, an yi niyya don taimakawa yaƙi da ƙasa mai laushi da haɓaka lafiyar ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Kokarin na da damar da za ta iya ceto manoman yankin miliyoyin daloli, musamman wajen samar da mafi hatsarin amfanin gona kamar su waken soya, masara, alkama ta bazara da canola, in ji Kalwar. Ya bayyana a sarari cewa zai dauki tsawon shekaru kafin Cheatley da makwabta su ga fa'idodin kayayyakin da ayyukan kiyayewa da suke bi.
A gonar Cheatley, Kalwar ya ba da shawarar amfani da tan 7 zuwa 10 na gypsum a kowace kadada. Cheatley ta sayi shimfidar shimfidar shara ta Chandler don amfani akan yankunan sodic kuma ta sayi gypsum na kimanin $ 4 a kowace tan daga wata shuka a Stanton, ND Samfurin yana da “daidaiton gari mai danshi kuma baya yaɗuwa da kyau daga kayan aikin taki na yau da kullun,” bayanin kula na Cheatley. Da zarar an yi amfani da samfurin, ana aiki da shi cikin ƙasa.
Hanyoyi Don Saukaka Saduwa
Sauran ayyukan da ake nufi don magance sodicity suna ƙarƙashin kimantawa a SUarin NDSU. Daga cikinsu akwai shuka ciyawar da za ta iya jure wa gishiri a kowane yanki inda amfanin gona na shekara ba zai girma ba. Manoma na iya adana tsakanin $ 82 zuwa $ 187 a kowace kadada don ba sa shuka amfanin gona a nan, in ji Kalwar. Kodayake furodusoshin dole ne su biya farashin farko na ciyawar, amma za su girma da kansu a cikin yanayi mai zuwa.
"Ta hanyar samar da murfin ciyayi mai kyau a sama da kasa, ciyawar da ke dadewa za ta rage yawan bushewar iska, amma kuma, tushen da zai bunkasa zai taimaka wajen rage zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma rage tashin kwaya," in ji Kalwar. “Manoma na iya yanka, ciyawa ko ciyawar wadannan ciyawar kuma a zahiri suna iya samun ɗan kuɗaɗen shiga maimakon rasa kadara a kan matsalar kadada. Idan aka sare a lokacin da ya dace, wadannan ciyawar suna da kyau zuwa ciyawar da ke da kyau. ”
Yadda Ake Inganta Aikin Gishiri da na Sadaka
Kusan 15% na amfanin gona a cikin Dakota ta Arewa ya rage yawan aiki saboda gishirin ƙasa da al'amuran sodicity, da Jami'ar Jihar ta Arewa Dakota. Wadannan nasihun zasu iya magance wannan kalubalen.
- Samfurin ƙasa don sanin gishirin da matakan sodicity. Idan an kafa sodicity, la'akari da amfani da gyaran ƙasa kamar gypsum.
- Shuke-shuke masu haƙuri da ƙimar gishirin da ake da su. Wannan na iya haɗawa da shuka shukar kayan amfanin gona bayan ƙaramin hatsi ko wasu amfanin gona na gajeren lokaci.
- Idan matakan gishiri sun yi yawa don amfanin gona kamar sha'ir da hatsi, yi la'akari da dasa ciyawar da ke jure wa gishiri mai ɗorewa.
- Kula da matakan gishirin kowace shekara don ganin ci gaba.
- Kafa shingen alfalfa a gefen rami wanda shine asalin ruwan ciyar da gishiri.
- Yi la'akari da magudanar tayal idan mai amfani ne.