Kwarin dankalin turawa na Colorado ya sami juriya ga nau'ikan maganin kwari sama da 50, yana mai da kwarin ya zama “kwarar kwaro” da ke lalata dankali a duniya.
Wani sabon bincike ya gano cewa ƙwaro ta sami wannan nasarar ne ta hanyar juyawa zuwa zurfin ɗimbin yawa a cikin kwayoyin halittarta, wanda ya ba da damar al'ummomi daban-daban a duk faɗin Amurka suyi saurin haɓaka juriya ga kusan duk wani abu da ɗan adam ya jefa a ciki. Dukiyar kwaro na bambance-bambancen da arsenal na kwayoyin halitta masu juriya da ke akwai zai yi wuya a iya sarrafa su nan gaba, ba tare da la’akari da abin da sabbin masu binciken maganin kwari suka samu ba. Amma sabon fahimtar albarkatun kwayoyin halittar kwaro na iya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su tsara tsarin gudanarwa da ke kiyaye su.
"Wannan ƙwaro na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da aka fara kai wa hari da sinadarai a wannan zamani, kuma ta yi nasara sosai wajen ci gaban waɗannan hare-haren," in ji shi. Sean Schoville, Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison farfesa a ilimin dabbobi wanda ya jagoranci sabon bincike. “Ga sauran kwari da muke fatan shawo kan su, akwai darussa da za mu koya daga nazarin wannan kwaro. Wadanne hanyoyi ne wannan kwari ke amfani da shi wajen wuce wadannan magungunan?”
Tare da abokan aikinsa a UW-Madison da sauran cibiyoyi, Schoville ya wallafa sakamakon bincikensa Janairu 19 a cikin jarida Biology Biology da Juyin Halitta.
Tawagar Schoville na farko ya jera kwayoyin halittar dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro a cikin 2018. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sun binciki kwayoyin halitta don fahimtar yadda kwari zai iya shawo kan sababbin kwari da sauri kamar yadda yake yi. Don yin haka, sun jera ƙwaro dozin da yawa daga ko'ina cikin Amurka Waɗannan al'ummomin yankin sun bambanta da waɗanne magungunan kashe qwari da suke jurewa da kuma inda suka fito, wanda zai iya ba da alamu ga tarihin juyin halitta na kwaro.
Masanan kimiyya sun gano cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin yanki daban-daban sun samo asali da sauri saboda yawan iyayensu sun riga sun sami albarkatun kwayoyin da ake bukata don shawo kan maganin kwari.
Schoville ya ce "Gidan kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali sananne ne da hannu wajen jurewar kwari." "Amma abin da ke da ban sha'awa shi ne cewa mutane daban-daban suna canza sassa daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta daban-daban a hanya ɗaya." Wannan hanya mai kama, amma ba iri ɗaya ba, hanyar juriya a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban ana kiranta da maimaita juyin halitta.
Wannan saurin juyin halitta wanda ya danganta da tarin bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halittar da ke akwai ya yi hannun riga da wani tsohon samfurin juyin halitta wanda ake zaton sauye-sauyen da ba kasafai suke tasowa ba a hankali a cikin yawan jama'a. Yayin da sabbin maye gurbi ke tasowa kuma suna iya taimakawa maganin kashe kwari tsayin daka, saurin amsawar ƙwayar dankalin turawa ga sabbin sinadarai a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar za a iya bayyana shi kawai ta hanyar bambancin da ke akwai.
Sakamakon binciken dai labarai ne da ba sa so ga manoma da masana kimiyya da ke fatan mayar da hankali kan hare-haren dankalin turawa na Colorado. Da alama ba zai yiwu ba, in ji Schoville, cewa ko da sabon maganin kwari zai kiyaye kwaro na dogon lokaci. Amma tare da sanin yadda ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado ta kawar da hare-haren masana'antu har zuwa yau, bincike na gaba zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da dabarun kirkire-kirkire don ci gaba da tafiya tare da wannan nemesis.
Schoville ya ce: "Ƙarin ƙwararrun ƙira za su iya taimaka mana mu koyi yadda dabarun gudanarwa daban-daban ke shafar juyin halittar ƙwaro," in ji Schoville. "Hakan na iya ba mu damar canza salon sarrafa mu don rage shi."
Yawancin lokaci, gazawar sarrafawa tare da ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado saboda wasu dalilai banda juriyar kwari kaɗai. Lokacin sprays yana da mahimmanci don sarrafawa. Ƙwarƙwarar da ke juyewa suna jan hankalin filayen cikin tsawon makonni da yawa; fesa maganin kashe kwari da wuri zai iya sarrafa wani yanki na waɗannan ƙwaro. Koyaya, jira har sai larvae sun kusan cika girma shima yana ƙara yuwuwar gazawar sarrafawa. Ƙananan tsutsa sun fi sauƙi don sarrafawa tare da maganin kwari fiye da manya. Yin amfani da daidai adadin maganin kashe kwari da kuma samun cikakken ɗaukar hoto na tsire-tsire yana da mahimmanci.
Wannan labarin ya bayyana a cikin fitowar Mayu 2022 na Dankalin Turawa.