Gaggawar Gaskiya… (karanta part 1 da kuma part 2)
- Ya kamata a tsaftace ma'ajiya da kayan aiki da kuma tsabtace su kafin da bayan amfani.
- Turi mai yuwuwar tushen cututtuka da yawa (rabe mai laushi, ɓarkewar zobe, busassun marigayi, ƙwayoyin cuta)
Don shirya yanayin ajiya mai gamsarwa kafin loda sabon girbin dankali a cikin ma'ajiyar, ana amfani da magunguna iri-iri don tsaftace wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da kayan sarrafa dankalin turawa. Yana da ma'auni na phytosanitary gabaɗaya don rage ƙwayoyin kwari da cututtuka a cikin ajiyar dankalin turawa da kayan aiki. Aiwatar da ingantattun matakan tsafta na yau da kullun da ayyuka ga ma'aikata da masu sarrafa injin yana da mahimmanci. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su ƙwayoyin cuta na scurf na azurfa, na iya rayuwa daga lokaci ɗaya zuwa na gaba da zobe rot daga shekaru 3 zuwa 7, ya danganta da nau'in wurin ajiya. Kashe kayan ajiya da kayan aiki mataki ne mai mataki uku. Waɗannan matakai ne masu mahimmanci don shirya ma'aji:
Tsaftace ma'aji da kewaye
- Ba za a iya tsabtace ginin ajiya marar tsabta ba. Tunda tasirin tsafta yana buƙatar hulɗa kai tsaye tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, ya kamata saman ya zama mara fashe, ramuka, ko ramukan da za su iya ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Tsaftacewa mai inganci yana farawa a saman kayan aiki da aiki ƙasa.
- Cire ragowar shuka da ƙasa daga ajiya da kayan aiki. Kwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa akan tarkace na halitta.
- Tsaftace bene na ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakunan ajiya tare da injin tsabtace masana'antu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi saboda sharewa na iya rarraba ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙura.
- Cire tarkacen dankalin turawa da sauran sharan daga ciki da wajen wuraren ajiya daga amfanin gona na baya.
- Guguwar iska a farkon bazara ko farkon kaka na iya kawo inoculum cikin ma'ajiya ko kayan tattara kaya. Kone, sara, takin, daskare ko binne dankalin da aka jefar.
- Idan ma'ajiyar tana da ƙasa mai datti, yana da kyau a cire inci 1 zuwa 2 na ƙasa kuma a maye gurbin da ƙasa daga filin girma mara kyau. Cire duk kura, datti, da masu hana tsiro daga ruwan fanfo.
Wanka da tururi da sabulu
- Tsaftataccen tsafta yana buƙatar tsaftartaccen tsaftacewa daga dukkan filaye kafin a shafa maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
- Wanke kwandon ajiya, bango, da injina da ruwan sabulu mai zafi ta amfani da injin wanki mai ƙarfi da
bi ta hanyar kurkura da ruwa. - Yin wanka mai ƙarfi tare da wanki na masana'antu mara kumfa, ko tsabtace tururi, na iya dacewa a wasu yanayi, kamar akwatunan katako, inda lalacewa ba za ta haifar ba.
- Ƙasa, ɓangarorin yumbu, da kayan halitta da sauri suna kawar da kaddarorin biocidal na mafi yawan kayan kashe kwayoyin cuta.
- Lokacin bayyanar tururi yakamata ya zama daƙiƙa biyar don sabo, jikakken kayan kwayan cuta da daƙiƙa 20 don busasshen kayan kwayan cuta.
- Idan ana amfani da abin wanka don wankewa, sai a wanke shi kafin a yi amfani da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Kashe kayan aiki da tsarin ajiya tare da abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar (duba ƙasa).
Rashin daidaituwa
Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa adadin aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da shi na lalata sinadarai daidai ne don hanyar aikace-aikacen. Ingancin ƙwayar cuta na iya bambanta bisa ga nau'in saman, zafin jiki, da taurin ruwa. Rinsing yana da mahimmanci lokacin amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Kwanan nan, yin amfani da akwatunan katako don adana dankali yana ƙaruwa don rage matsalolin matsa lamba a cikin ajiya na dogon lokaci. Aiwatar da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kai tsaye akan akwatunan katako, ba tare da wankewa da ruwa ba. Yin wanka da farko da ruwa zai cika ramuka da tsagewa, hana haɗuwa da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Littattafan da aka buga kwanan nan sun nuna cewa aikace-aikacen kumfa yana daidaita riko da mafi girman adadin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta zuwa saman itace idan aka kwatanta da aikace-aikacen feshin ruwa. Kumfa yana jinkirta tsarin bushewa, sabili da haka an tsawaita lokacin amsawar maganin, kuma yuwuwar nasarar disinfection yana ƙaruwa.
Gabaɗaya, masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta dole ne su tuntuɓi saman don a kashe su na tsawon mintuna 10 don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana iya ƙara wani maganin kumfa zuwa wasu magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta don taimakawa sinadarai su zauna a wuri, kamar a bango, na tsawon minti 10 don shiga bangon kwayoyin fungal ko narkar da slime na kwayan cuta kuma ya kashe kwayoyin cutar.
- Fasa wurare ta amfani da jet mai ƙarfi (har zuwa 4250 kPa matsa lamba) don shiga tsagewa, da sauransu, a kan benaye. Lokacin fesa kayan aiki, dole ne a kula don kauce wa cire fenti.
- Za a iya bi da saman itace tare da kayan adana itace irin su jan karfe-8-quinolinolate, wanda shine fungicidal da bactericidal.
- Fumigants ko hazo na iya dacewa a wasu
lokuta. - Bayan maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, kurkura sosai da ruwan sanyi ko ruwan zafi
da kuma cire ruwa mai yawa. - Zaɓin maganin da ake amfani da shi ya dogara da takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta da ake niyya da kuma nau'in tsarin ajiya (watau itace da ƙarfe). Wani abu kuma na iya haɗawa da samuwar magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, hanyoyin aikace-aikacen da ake samu kamar hazo vs. kumfa vs. liquidspray, da sauransu.
- Tasirin tsafta na iya bambanta bisa ga nau'in saman, zafin jiki, da taurin ruwa. Mafi kyawun sakamako shine yanayin zafi na 15-20 ° C.
Sharuɗɗa don lalata kayan sarrafa dankalin turawa da tsarin ajiya
Notes
- Copper Sulfate: Kyakkyawan aikin saura, galibi don jiƙan akwatuna da jakunkuna, na iya haifar da tabo.
- Formaldehyde: Ba a ba da shawarar gabaɗaya ba. Yana haifar da hayaki mai ban haushi. Bi umarnin OSHA
game da fallasa, yuwuwar cutar kansar ɗan adam! - Hypochlorites, 5.25% Bleach: Mai saurin aiwatarwa, mara tsada; caustic to fata da kuma tufafi, sosai m.
- Hydrogen peroxide/peroxyacetic acid: Ana iya shafa shi kai tsaye zuwa dankali, babu saura, ƙarancin lalacewa,
tare da yin amfani da zafi ana iya amfani dashi azaman fumigant a cikin tsarin iska. - Haɗin Phenolic: Samar da aikin saura.
- Ƙwayoyin Ammonium Quaternary: Ƙarƙashin rinjayar kwayoyin halitta ko ƙasa, pH na ruwa ba shi da mahimmanci, dan kadan
m, amfani da bakin. - Yana da ƙalubale don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na zobe a cikin gurɓatattun jakunkuna na burlap. Idan zai yiwu, ya kamata jakunkuna da suka gurɓace
a ƙone. Kada a sake amfani da gurɓatattun jakunkuna don sarrafa dankalin iri.