Tsaftace ma'ajiya da tarwatsawa yana da mahimmanci, musamman don rage saurin kamuwa da cuta daga wannan yanayi zuwa na gaba. Wannan muhimmin mataki ne na farko a wuraren ajiya wanda ya sami karyewar tuber saboda rube ko "wuri" inda tuber ya lalace a lokacin ajiyar da ya gabata. (karanta part 1)
Binciken da ya gabata a Jami'ar Idaho ya nuna cewa:
- Scurf na azurfa (wanda naman gwari Helminthosporium solani ya haifar) ya tsira a kan rufin kumfa da benayen ƙasa na tsawon watanni 9 aƙalla kuma a cikin katako da katako na tsawon watanni 3.
- Ruɓewar zobe na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya rayuwa a saman ƙasa mai wuya har zuwa shekaru 3 kuma har zuwa shekaru 7 a saman itace.
Yiwuwar ɗaukar kwaro daga lokacin ajiya ɗaya zuwa na gaba yana sa waɗannan hanyoyin tsaftacewa su zama mahimmanci ga duk ayyukan noma.
Cikakken tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa
1) Cire tarkacen shuka da kayan waje. Kafin girbi, shirya wurin ajiya don karɓar dankali ta hanyar kawar da kayan waje. Tsaftace datti kamar tsofaffin tubers, tef ɗin bututu, itace, ƙarfe, da rufi a cikin ma'ajiyar. Bayan cire duk wani abu na waje, wuce magnet akan ƙasa don tattara ragowar gurɓataccen ƙarfe. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don tsaftace shara da tarkace waɗanda ƙila sun taru a yankin kai tsaye a gaban ƙofofin ajiya.
2) Cire 1- zuwa 2-inci na ƙasa mai datti kuma a maye gurbin da ƙasa mara dankali. Wannan mataki sau da yawa yana da wahala a cim ma a kan lokaci kuma wanda sau da yawa ana iya yin watsi da shi. Idan cutar scurf ta azurfa matsala ce ta dindindin a cikin ma'ajin, ko kuma yana da matukar damuwa, wannan muhimmin mataki ne don rage yaduwar cututtuka. Masu noman da suka sami zoben ƙwayoyin cuta a gonarsu ya kamata su maye gurbin saman ƙasa a wuraren ajiyar su.
3) A wanke kayan aikin gaba daya da sabulu da ruwan zafi ko tururi, sannan a wanke da ruwa daga baya. Ana iya yin wankewa da kyau tare da injin wanki ta amfani da ruwan zafi da wanka. Abubuwan wanke-wanke na sabulu galibi suna maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta a nasu dama, amma suna da tasiri musamman wajen narkar da busasshen ruwan dankalin turawa ko sauran ragowar da ka iya manne da benaye, bango, ko kayan aiki.
- Masu wanki na tururi kuma na iya yin tasiri sosai don tsaftace kayan aiki saboda yawan zafin jiki da ke hade da tururi yana sa ya yi tasiri sosai wajen narkar da busassun kayan. Abin takaici, ba za a iya dogara da masu tsabtace tururi ba don kula da yanayin zafi mai tsananin gaske da ake buƙata don tsaftataccen ƙwayar cuta na tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata. Don rigakafin da ya dace, dole ne a kiyaye yanayin zafi mai tsayi na mintuna da yawa ko fiye.
- Bututun bango / bututu; hattara da biofilms. Ka tuna kuma cewa wasu injin wankin matsi na iya rasa isasshen matsi don isa wurare masu tsayi na bangon ciki, kuma tsani na iya zama dole. Hakanan dole ne a tsaftace bututun mai da kyau. Sanya su a waje kawai a cikin rana ba zai yi kyakkyawan aikin tsaftacewa ba. Wannan shi ne saboda kwayoyin da ke haifar da cututtuka a cikin dankali suna iya rayuwa a kan wuraren ajiya da kuma kan kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin wasu.
daidai da matsananciyar yanayi. Suna yin haka a cikin ƙugiya ko fina-finai na sel da ke kewaye da kuma kariya ta busassun slime na ƙwayoyin cuta, busassun tsiro, ko wasu kayan. Ana kiran waɗannan sifofin a matsayin "fim ɗin halittu." Biofilms ba kawai ƙyale wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su rayu ba, amma kuma suna iya zama da wahala sosai don narkewa da cirewa. - Fitarwa ga hasken rana mataki ne mai kyau na ƙarshe a cikin tsaftace kayan aiki ko bututun bututu, bayan an wanke su sosai kuma an lalata su.
4) Aiwatar da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta a duk saman. Wannan sashe kuma ya shafi kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen samarwa da tsarin sarrafa dankalin turawa. Ana buƙatar cikakken cikakken ɗaukar hoto na duk saman-da suka haɗa da plenum, bututun bututu, wurin ajiya, da gidan fan.
Ajiye maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na tsawon mintuna 10. Akwai adadin kayan aikin da aka yarda da su, duk waɗannan suna da inganci iri ɗaya idan aka bi wasu ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi. Mafi mahimmanci shine kiyaye wuraren da suka kamu da cutar a jika tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na akalla mintuna 10. An nuna wannan tsayin tsayin daka don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta mai yiwuwa su kasance a kan kayan aiki da kuma wurin ajiya. Bincika alamar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta don ganin ko ana buƙatar kurkura. Kafin amfani da duk wani maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta tabbatar da cewa samfurin yana da alamar kuma an yi rajista a cikin jihar da kake amfani da shi.
Zaɓin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta
Tambayoyi masu zuwa zasu iya taimakawa a farkon zaɓin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Bincika alamar (da ƙarin lakabin) don masu zuwa:
- Shin akwai wata damuwa ta aminci ko kayan kariya da aka ba da shawarar (PPE)?
- Ana yiwa samfurin lakabi don filaye masu ƙuri'a da/ko saman marasa labura?
- An yiwa samfurin lakabin don wurin ajiya da/ko kayan sarrafa dankalin turawa?
- Ana buƙatar wankewar ƙarshe?
- Shin samfurin an yiwa lakabin don amfani kawai akan wuraren dankalin turawa da kayan aiki?
Matsayin saman wajen zabar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Ƙarin tambayar da za a yi lokacin zabar maganin da ya dace shine irin nau'in kayan da za a lalata.
Porous da mara-porous. Fuskar “porous” ita ce duk wani saman da ba za a iya jurewa ba kamar itace, rufi, ko datti. Sabanin haka, an ayyana saman “mara-porous” a matsayin
kasancewar ba mai yuwuwa, mai ƙarfi da mara rai, kamar ƙarfe, gilashi, ko siminti.
- Calcium da sodium hypochlorites na iya zama mai lalacewa ga saman ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, samfuran hypochlorites da hydrogen peroxide duka suna aiki da sauri ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta don haka ba su da tasiri akan ƙasa da itace. Yanayin ƙasa-da tarkace suna da mahimmanci don samun iyakar tasiri tare da waɗannan nau'ikan kayan.
- Idan amfani da mahadi na tushen chlorine, ajiye maganin zuwa pH na 6.0 zuwa 7.5 don iyakar tasiri. Ka guji hada mahadi na chlorine da ruwan zafi ko tare da wasu samfuran sai dai idan an ba da izinin aikin musamman akan lakabin.
Kashe tsawon minti 10 zuwa 15; kusa ajiya na 2 makonni. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da za a bi shine kiyaye saman ruwa tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na akalla minti 10 zuwa 15. Da zarar wannan matakin ya cika, rufe ma'ajiyar na tsawon makonni 2 kuma buɗe kofofin don fitar da iska da bushe wuraren ajiya. Idan makonni 2
ba zaɓi ba ne, yi ƙoƙarin ba da isasshen lokaci don saman saman su bushe kafin cika ajiya da dankali.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta
Masu biyowa jerin sunadaran magunguna na gama gari da ake da su, amma ƙarin samfura na iya samuwa kuma sun fi dacewa da saman da ke buƙatar kashewa:
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Calcium hypochlorite
- Ammonium hypochlorite
- Kloride dioxide
- Copper quinonolate
- Quaternary ammonium
- Hydrogen peroxide da/ko cakuda peroxyacetic acid.
Ana amfani da wannan kewayon sinadarai a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban waɗanda masana'antun daban-daban suka samar, kuma akwai sauye-sauye da yawa dangane da kashi dari na kayan aiki masu aiki, ƙimar aikace-aikacen da aka yarda, da ko samfurin yana da alamar ajiyar dankalin turawa da kayan aiki. Kwararrun ma'aikata, kamar mai ba da sabis na ajiyar ku, na iya yin duka ko wasu mahimman matakan nan don shirya amfanin gona mai shigowa.
Tsaftace ajiya kafin adana dankalin iri
Tsaftace ma'ajiyar ku kuma muhimmin mataki ne da zarar an cire amfanin gona da kuma kafin adana dankalin iri don sarewa da dasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman
ga masu noman kasuwanci waɗanda a baya suka yi amfani da chlorpropham inhibitor sprout (CIPC) tare da yuwuwar ragowar da ke cikin ma'ajiya. Ƙananan jinkiri mai tsanani a cikin fitowar da girma na iya faruwa idan iri ya fallasa ga ragowar CIPC. Ana ba da shawarar a guji adana iri a cikin ma'ajiyar da aka yi amfani da shi tare da CIPC har sai an cika shekara guda tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da magani kuma an tsaftace tsarin ajiya da na'urar iska. Koyaushe koma zuwa alamar samfurin CIPC don ƙayyadaddun jagorori da ƙuntatawa don ajiyar iri na gaba.
Nora Olsen ne adam wata Kwararre ne na Jami'ar Idaho Extension Dankali wanda yake a Twin Falls. Phil Nolte ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Dankali ne na UI wanda yake a Idaho Falls.