A cikin 2021, AgTech yana da haɓaka mai mahimmanci. Dangane da Finistere Ventures' 2020 AgriFood Tech Investment Review, wanda aka haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar PitchBook Data, jimlar saka hannun jari na duniya a cikin fasahar noma ya kasance. Dala biliyan 22.3, tare da biliyan biyar zuwa AgTech da dala biliyan 17.3 a fasahar abinci. Rahoton ya kuma gano cewa kasuwa tana haɓaka da kashi 50% na haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara.
A cikin yanayin da ake sarrafawa na noma kamar na cikin gida a tsaye gonaki, bincike daga Allied Market Research yayi hasashen haɓakar zuba jari a cikin 2018 na dala biliyan 2.4 zuwa biliyan 18 nan da 2026. Kuma a cikin Mayu 2021, fara aikin noma na cikin gida a tsaye, Bowery, tashe $ 300 miliyan.
Na biyu na muradin ci gaba mai dorewa 17 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shi ne kawo karshen yunwa, samun wadatar abinci, inganta abinci mai gina jiki, da inganta aikin gona mai dorewa. Ko da yake Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na fatan cimma wannan buri nan da shekarar 2030, Sachin Gupta, shugaban masana'antun noma na duniya a IBM, ya ce za ta bukaci a sauya tsarin abinci da noma a duniya.
"Yayin da wannan canjin zai kasance mai rikitarwa da wahala, fasaha na da muhimmiyar rawa da za ta taka," in ji Gupta. "Ana amfani da fasahohin da ke tasowa [..] don inganta ayyukan noma ga ƙananan manoma zuwa manyan 'yan kasuwa na aikin gona ta hanyar da za ta inganta ci gaba mai dorewa."
Artificial Intelligence
A cewar Gupta, ɗayan manyan direbobin da ke ci gaba da canza aikin noma shine basirar wucin gadi (AI).
Gupta ya ce "AI za ta inganta noma mai ɗorewa a ƙasa ta hanyar taimaka wa manoma su yi hasashen yanayin yanayi." “Noma kasuwanci ne mai haɗari. Manoma a duk duniya sun kasance suna kokawa da yanayi - fari, ambaliya, ko wani abu a tsakani. Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali abinci shine fifikon duniya." Gupta ya bayyana Yara, wanda ke aiki tare da IBM don amfani da tsinkayar yanayin yanayi na gida don inganta yawan amfanin gona. An tsara app ɗin su FarmWeather don ƙananan manoma kuma yana taimaka musu haɓaka yawan amfanin gona duk da yanayin yanayi maras tabbas.
"Ka'idar ta ba da damar AI da IoT don samar da hasashen haɗari da shawarwarin amfanin gona na radiyon kilomita uku zuwa huɗu na gonaki kuma yana ba da damar raba bayanai - gami da SMS ga manoma ba tare da shiga Intanet ko wayar hannu ba," in ji Gupta. Brandon Rebiero, wanda ya kafa kuma abokin tarayya a Noman Leaf Zinariya, ya ce AI da koyo na na'ura za su fara tsara yanayin masana'antu ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, kamar taimaka wa masu shuka su cimma daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin abubuwan da ake bukata da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
“Wannan yana da alaƙa da sakamako mai mahimmanci da yawa: adana albarkatu daga yanayin sarrafa farashi; rage sawun carbon na masana'antu da yin abin da ya fi dacewa ga muhalli; Ƙarfin da zai iya zama mai sauƙi a fuskantar matsalolin aiki da kasuwa, "in ji Rebiero. "A cikin duk wannan, AI da kayan aikin koyon injin za su goyi bayan riba." Darryn Keiller, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na WayBeyond, ya yi imanin AI za ta ci gaba da jagoranci amma ya ce har yanzu noma na ci gaba da zage-zage kan yadda manyan bayanai da AI za su ba da damar samar da amfanin gona mai dorewa.
Keiller ya ce "Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe tsakanin su biyun, yawanci ana magana da su cikin numfashi daya, amma abubuwa ne daban-daban," in ji Keiller. "Babban wasa na bayanai tare da manoma yana farawa ne, kuma game da yin amfani da bayanai ne, da bayyana sabbin fahimta game da abin da ke tasiri ga amfanin gona, gami da ingancin 'ya'yan itace da zaki." Amma Keiller ya yi imanin babban kalubalen shi ne cewa babu isassun injiniyoyin bayanai da masana kimiyyar bayanai don biyan bukata. “Yin amfani da ƙwararrun bayanan aikin gona ko kamfanin AI [..] ingantaccen dabarun dogon lokaci ne.
Gonaki na tsaye
Wani binciken bincike a watan Oktoba 2021 da Insight Partners ya gano cewa Kasuwar Noma ta tsaye za ta karu daga $4,300 Million a 2021 zuwa $19,864 Million nan da 2028. A cewar Rasmus Bjerngaard, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Abinci na gaba, Noma a tsaye yana duba akwatuna da yawa. "Gonakin tsaye suna inganta dandano da abinci mai gina jiki da rage tasirin yanayi da tasirin halittu." Bjerngaard ya ce "AI da aiki da kai sune maɓallai don haɓaka babban farashin aiki a cikin aikin noma a tsaye tare da samar da haske tare da amfani da haske da kuma samar da amfanin aiki," in ji Bjerngaard.
Bjerngaard ya ce "Covid ya tabbatar da cewa al'amuran amincin abinci da juriyar tsarin abinci na gaske ne kuma noman a tsaye shine mafita," in ji Bjerngaard. "A lokaci guda kuma, wasu sassan abokan ciniki na noma a tsaye kamar gidajen cin abinci da cutar ta yi kamari kuma suna iya cutar da gonaki a tsaye, ba a kusa da tasirin da ya haifar da haɓakar waje ba saboda gonakin a tsaye na iya kashe OPEX." Steve Lindsley, Shugaban Grov Technologies, ya ce fasahar noma ta tsaye tana sarrafa abin da ake samarwa a tushen amfani, ko dai na birni/mutum ko na karkara/dabba. "Bugu da ƙari ga rage al'amurran sufuri da hayaƙin GHG, noma na gida, a tsaye yana ƙara yawan abinci da ƙimar abinci da abinci mai gina jiki kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin abincin gida," in ji Lindsley.
Blockchain
Gupta ya ce fasahar kamar blockchain za ta taimaka wajen kara nuna gaskiya a sarkar samar da kayayyaki, da baiwa masu amfani damar fahimtar asali da ingancin kayayyakin da suke saya. "Blockchain ya fi fasahar kasuwanci mai buri; ana amfani da shi a yau don canza yadda mutane za su iya gina dogara ga kayan da suke cinyewa, "in ji Gupta. Aikace-aikacen blockchain na IBM, Godiya My Farmer, yana bawa manoma damar dinke barakar da ke tsakanin masu amfani da kofi da kuma masu noman kofi, barin masu shan kofi su bibiyi kofi don fahimtar ingancinsa da asalinsa da kuma tallafa wa manomi da ya noma wake.
Segafredo Stori yana so ya haɓaka kofi mai ganowa a Turai. Masu noman kofi XNUMX a Lempira da Intibucá a Honduras suna shuka cherries kofi na Arabica wanda Segafredo ke amfani da shi a cikin kofi. Gupta ya ce "Tafiya ce mai sarkakiya daga gonaki ta hanyar samar da kofi - ta masana'anta da tashar jiragen ruwa, ta wuraren gasa da shaguna," in ji Gupta. "Yanzu abokin ciniki na Segafredo zai iya gano kowane mataki na tafiya ta hanyar duba lambar QR akan marufi na Segafredo Storia.
Na'urori masu cin gashin kansu da na'urori masu zaman kansu
Rebeiro ya ce baya ga wani gagarumin yunkuri na dorewar, yana sa ran ganin karbar taraktoci masu cin gashin kansu da sauran fasahohin na'ura na mutum-mutumi suna girma da yawa. "Yayin da ba za mu iya faɗi daidai yadda wannan zai yi kama da [..] shekaru a kan layi ba, muna tunanin nan gaba inda manyan masu noma kamar mu za su sami wuraren waha na kayan aiki masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda za su iya ba da sabis na yanki mai faɗi," in ji Rebeiro. "A cikin wannan yanayin, kuna iya samun ƙwararren manajan jirgin ruwa mai fasaha wanda ke kula da tura wani tafkin fasaha mai cin gashin kansa a duk yankuna da yanayi don biyan buƙatun."
Rebeiro ya yi imanin cewa canji zuwa irin wannan samfurin zai shafi tsadar aiki, inganci da fitarwa. WayBeyond's Keiller ya ce robotics kuma na iya shawo kan ƙarancin aiki. Keiller ya ce "A cikin 2020, Covid ya mamaye yawan ma'aikata, an rufe kan iyakoki, kuma an bar girbin amfanin gona ba tare da tsinkewa ba, wanda ke haifar da asarar kuɗi da almubazzaranci," in ji Keiller. "A cikin 2021, al'amura ba su inganta sosai ba, [..] ba a taɓa samun mafi kyawun lokacin yin amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ba."
Amma Boaz Bachar, Shugaba na Fieldin, ya yi imanin cewa fasahar noma mai cin gashin kanta tana motsawa zuwa balaga ta kasuwanci. "Mun san cewa gonakin nan gaba ba zai yi kama da na yau ba, kuma ina sa ran za mu ga sabbin 'yan kasuwa da za su goyi bayan wannan sauyin da babu makawa," in ji Bachar. "Musamman, na yi imanin aikin noma zai ƙaura daga CAPEX-nauyin sarrafa kuɗi zuwa tsarin OPEX na zamani wanda ke haifar da buɗaɗɗen sabbin nau'ikan kuɗi da hanyoyin fintech."
Bachar ya ce ya dogara da ganin nau'ikan hanyoyin samar da kayan aiki don magance kalubalen aiki na yau da kullun a gona. Bachar ya ce, "Abubuwan na musamman irin wannan sun riga sun fara samun hanyar yin amfani da kasuwanci, kodayake ɗaukar su zai zama ƙalubale daga ma'aikacin ma'aikaci har sai wani tsarin software na tsakiya zai iya daidaita tsarin tafiyar da su," in ji Bachar. "A ƙarshe, wannan ƙwararrun kayan software ita ce hanyar da ta ɓace da muke buƙata don daidaitawa da kuma haɗa kaifin fasahar da ke zuwa."
Matsalolin tattalin arziki da muhalli
Wani lokaci ba fasaha ba ne koyaushe ke tafiyar da ajanda. A cewar Bachar, hakan ma yana da nasaba da muhalli da tattalin arziki.
"A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, na yi imanin karuwar matsalolin tattalin arziki da muhalli za su tura sararin aiki yadda ya kamata ya fashe," in ji Bachar. "Muna sa ran cewa karancin ma'aikata da yanayin yanayin da ba a iya tantancewa ba za su kara girman matsalar." Bachar ya yi imanin cewa hanyoyin noma masu cin gashin kansu za su bunƙasa cikin sauri don yaƙar waɗannan ƙalubalen da haɓaka layin ƙasa ga masu noma. Bachar ya kara da cewa "Wannan wani babban al'amari ne da muke sa ran zai mamaye masana'antar da kuma sake fasalin ka'idojin aiki a takaice."
Gupta ya yi nuni da inganta ingantaccen ruwa a yankunan da fari ya shafa. IBM ya yi aiki na E. & J. Gallo Winery na California don aiwatar da sabon maganin ban ruwa wanda ke tattara bayanai daga hasashen yanayi, hotunan tauraron dan adam da layin ruwa wanda aka nannade da na'urori masu auna sigina waɗanda ke auna yanayin muhalli da damuwa na itacen inabi. "Wannan bayanan ya gano abubuwan da ke tattare da tasirin sauye-sauyen yanayi a sassan gonar inabin kuma ya haifar da shawarwarin shayarwa bisa ga bukatun kowane itacen inabi - tabbatar da amfani da albarkatun ruwa mai iyaka da kyau," in ji Gupta.
gwamnatin
A cewar Steve Lindsley, Shugaba, Grov Technologies, akwai manyan dalilai guda uku da ya sa gwamnati za ta taka rawar gani a AgTech da noma a tsaye: canjin yanayi, karuwar yawan jama'a da rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
"Saboda matsalolin da cutar ta Covid-19 ta fallasa, gwamnatoci a duniya suna fitar da kudade masu yawa don karfafa tattalin arzikinsu, tsarin samar da abinci da sarkar samar da kayayyaki," in ji Lindsley. "Kashi mai kyau na waɗannan kudaden za su sami hanyarsu ga manoma, makiyaya da masu samar da abinci." "Manoma suna kokawa don gudanar da duk wani hadarin da ke tattare da sauyin yanayi kamar tsawan fari, ambaliya, hadari mai tsanani, lokutan girma mara kyau da kuma hawan teku, don suna," in ji Lindsley.
Lindsley ya ce tuni makudan kudade masu kara kuzari na tarayya da na kasa da kasa sun kasance a hannun kananan hukumomi da gwamnatocin jihohi. "Colorado ya tsara shirin su, Shirin Lamunin Lamuni na Noma na Colorado a cikin Sashen Aikin Noma; a California, an tsara ruwa a cikin Majalisar Dattijai ta Jiha a matsayin Albarkatun Kasa da Ruwa; kuma a Utah, tallafin ci gaban Ag yana zuwa ta Ofishin Gwamna na Damarar Tattalin Arziki,” in ji Lindsley.
Amma Lindsley ya yi imanin cewa gwamnatoci a duk duniya suna buƙatar tallafawa da ba da tallafi ga masana'antar Ag don karɓar sabbin hanyoyin AgTech da tsarin noma a tsaye don ciyar da yawan jama'ar su da rage abinci da ciyar da rashin tsaro. Rebiero ya ce "Manyan masu noma kamar mu sune farkon masu karɓar mafita na AgTech," in ji Rebiero. "Mun riga mun gudanar da bakan gizo na kayan aiki da ayyukan kwangila kuma akwai sarkakiya a cikin hakan, kuma abu ne na halitta a wannan mataki na juyin halittar kasuwa. Rebiero ya kara da cewa dole ne a rage hadaddun don tabbatar da alƙawarin mafita na AgTech akan lokaci.
“Mai tsarki shine a sami dandamali guda ɗaya wanda zai iya tsara duk waɗannan ayyuka da fasaha daga dashboard guda. Waɗannan mafita ba su da cikakkiyar ma'ana ko ma'auni ga babban ma'aikaci ba tare da wannan haɗin kai ba. Amma da zarar mun sami sabbin kayan aikin da za mu yi magana da juna ta hanyar software mai siyarwa-agnostic, za mu kasance da ƙarfi fiye da yadda muke a yau. "Za mu san ainihin waɗanne lefi za mu ja don haifar da sakamako mai iya tsinkaya a gona," in ji Rebiero.