A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hauhawar yanayin duniya ya sanya manoma dankalin turawa cikin damuwa yayin da amfanin gonakinsu ke kokarin rayuwa tsawon dogayen busassun da galibi ke dauke da yanayi mai tsananin zafi.
Dankali ya fi girma cikin yanayi mai kyau; amfanin ƙasa da inganci suna wahala ƙwarai a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mai tsananin gaske. Fata na iya kasancewa a sararin samaniya, kodayake. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, wanda Xiu-Qing Li, masanin kimiyyar bincike, Fredericton Research and Development Center, Aikin Noma da Agri-Food Canada ya jagoranta, ya nuna cewa wasu nau'ikan za su iya magance damuwar zafi fiye da sauran.
Li da takwaransa na zafin rana sun gwada 55 daga cikin shahararrun dankalin Turawa na Kanada. Sakamakon ya baiwa masu bincike haske wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban nau'ikan da zasu iya jurewa har ma su bunƙasa cikin zafin rana mai yawa.
A yayin nazarin, an shuka dankali a ɗaki a cikin gidan hayaki. Zafin rana ya tashi zuwa 35 ° C (95 ° F) a rana, amma an saukar da shi zuwa 28 ° C (82.4 ° F) a cikin dare. Ungiyar sarrafawa ta girma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai yanayi inda yanayin rana ya kai 22 ° C (71.6 ° F). A cikin dare, an saukar da zafin jiki a cikin rukunin greenhouse mai sarrafawa zuwa 18 ° C (64.4 ° F).
A cikin kwatancen su, masu binciken sun kalli abun chlorophyll, tsayin shuke-shuke da girman tuber mafi girma da aka samar. Abin sha'awa, Li da tawagarsa sun sami damuwa na zafin rana yana tasiri tasirin tuber ƙasa da wasu nau'o'in, yayin da yake tasiri tasirin taro a cikin wasu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, noman dankalin turawa tare da ƙananan taro sun fi tsayi a jiki kuma suna da ƙarin abun cikin chlorophyll na ganye.
Duk dankalin da aka girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsi mai tsananin zafi yana da ƙananan ganye da tubers idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa. A karkashin yanayin zafi mai yawa, Russet Burbank yayi rawar gani musamman, yana samar da guda ɗaya, ƙaramin tuber. Iri-iri da suka nuna babban haƙuri sun haɗa da Chieftain da Eramosa.
Li ya ce "Yanzu mun san cewa akwai daidaito tsakanin canje-canjen tsirrai, abun da ke cikin chlorophyll a cikin ganyayyaki, da kuma tarin tuber a cikin tsananin zafi," in ji Li. "Wadannan binciken da aka gudanar kan bambancin kwayoyin halittar dankalin dankalin zai zama tushe don gano kwayoyin halittar dake da alhakin jurewar zafin, inganta nau'ikan da ke akwai da kuma haifar da sabbin nau'o'in jure yanayin zafi."
Damuwa mai zafi a cikin dankalin turawa yanayin duniya
A cewar wani rahoto na watan Oktoba na Labarin Kasuwancin Dankalin Arewacin Amurka (NAPMN), zafi da fari a Kanada, musamman a yankin Maritime, wanda aka san shi da noman dankalin, ya yi matukar tasiri ga noman dankalin kasar gaba daya. Alkaluman baya-bayan nan sun nuna ana tsammanin zai kai miliyan cwt miliyan 98.8, ya ragu da miliyan 7.7 akan 2019. Samarwa a lardin Prince Edward Island zai fadi zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci tun 2001, kuma ana sa ran cewa noman New Brunswick zai zama mafi ƙanƙanta daga 1973. wannan ana iya danganta shi da yanayin ruwan sama ma, fari ma ya taka rawa.
A Ontario, manoman dankalin turawa sun gano tubers fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda masana suka yi amannar saboda tsananin zafin ne. Ontario ya sami goguwar zafin rana a farkon bazara, wanda ake tunanin zai iya lalata ilimin lissafi da ci gaban sa. Danniya ya bayyana kamar ƙwanƙwasawa, tsiro da kuma tubers masu ban mamaki.
A shekara ta 2018, tsananin yanayi da dogon lokaci na fari sun shafi amfanin dankalin Turawa a Burtaniya ma. A waccan shekarar, sun rubuta ƙaramin girbin dankalin su na shekaru shida da suka gabata. Masu samarwa sun girbe tan 700,000 ƙasa da tan (kimanin tan US 770,000) na dankalin wancan shekarar; gaba daya nauyin ya fadi zuwa tan miliyan 4.9 daga matsakaicin shekaru biyar na tan miliyan 5.6.
A cikin Belgium da Netherlands, waɗanda aka sani da manyan yankuna masu noman dankalin turawa, manoma sun shiga cikin mawuyacin yanayi na girma sakamakon tsananin zafi da fari a tsakanin shekarun 2018-19 da na 2019-20.
Ba a iyakance fari da raƙuman zafi a wasu ƙasashe ba. A Amurka, Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona a kwanan nan ta sanar da samun karin kudaden tallafi ga manoman dankalin Maine. A duk faɗin ƙasar, yanayin fari ya yi tasiri sosai ga masu kera da noman ɗankalin. A wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa, gwamnan Maine Janet Mills ya yi maraba da tallafin.
Komawa Kanada, sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa tsananin zafin rana yana nuna shuke-shuke don canzawa daga ci gaban tuber zuwa shuka ci gaban ƙasa. Li da tawagarsa za su ci gaba da karatunsu, duba, musamman, don bambancin kwayoyin halittu a cikin nau'ikan juriya masu zafi wanda zai iya sauya samarwa daga sama zuwa tubers da ke kasa.
David De Koeyer, Aikin Noma da Agri-Food Kanada dankalin dankali, ya ce shi da tawagarsa suna shirin ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan aikin dankalin a cikin yanayin da canjin yanayi ya kawo. Suna da wurare daban-daban masu haɓaka a duk faɗin ƙasar. A yanzu, duk da haka, zai ci gaba da nazarin greenhouse tare da Li, yana kwatanta sakamako da gwajin filin da aka gudanar kan sauyin yanayi.