Noman dankalin turawa yana faruwa musamman a Kudancin Tsakiyar Chile (VIII zuwa yankuna X) a cikin yanayin bushewa (ba tare da ban ruwa ba) a lokacin bazara-bazara (Nuwamba-Maris). Amfanin gona yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa (tan 100-120 / ha) in babu rashi na biotic da na abiotic (ruwa, abubuwan gina jiki, cututtuka, da sauransu). Koyaya, yawan amfanin gona na yanzu a kudancin Chile (tan 20-35 tan / ha) suna ƙasa da wannan damar saboda ƙididdigar ɓarna daban-daban a cikin kulawar agronomic na amfanin gona (amfani da ingantaccen iri, kwanan shuka, gudanar da hadi da cututtuka). Ko da inganta waɗannan ƙarancin, mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa da za a iya samu shi ne tan 30-60 a / ha (gwargwadon yankin da shekara) saboda ana haɓaka amfanin gona musamman a cikin yanayin bushewa.
Gabaɗaya, tun bayan bayyanar amfanin gona (farkon Nuwamba, ɗauka ana dasawa a farkon Oktoba), yawancin ci gaba da bunƙasa amfanin gona yayi daidai da raguwar ruwan sama. Sakamakon haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa amfanin gona yana da babban ƙwarewa ga ƙarancin ruwa, ba abin mamaki bane a lura cewa murfin foliar, kamawa da ƙwarewar amfani da makamashi suna raguwa sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ruwa.
Koyaya, matsakaicin karancin ruwa wanda amfanin gona zai iya fuskanta a kudancin Chile yana da matukar canzawa saboda babban bambancin ruwan sama tsakanin wurare da shekaru. Misali, a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, a cikin Valdivia, Osorno da Puerto Montt, hazo da aka tara lokacin bazara (Nuwamba-Maris) ya kai kimanin 373, 246 da 542 mm a kowace kaka. Koyaya, a cikin yan kwanakin da suka gabata yawan ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaicin tarihi na kowane yanki.
A gefe guda, yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa akwai bambancin tsakanin shekara-shekara a cikin muhallin da ke da ruwan sama mafi girma (Valdivia (136 - 639 mm) da Puerto Montt (228 - 821 mm)). Sabili da haka, waɗannan bambance-bambancen muhalli a yanayin ruwa, samfurin wurare da shekaru, suna bayanin gaskiyar cewa ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da bambancin noman dankalin turawa daga shekara guda zuwa wani, shine samun ruwa daban a lokacin lokaci. kakar girma Sakamakon haka, bukatun ban ruwa a yankuna kamar Puerto Montt zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa da bukatun ban ruwa a Osorno, tare da Valdivia a cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi.
Ban ruwa da Daidaita Ruwa
Mitocin da buƙatun ban ruwa zasu dogara ne akan daidaiton ruwan da dole ne a aiwatar dashi a kowane lokacin girma, wanda dole ne yayi la’akari da halayen yanayi na kowane yanki, halayen ƙasa da halayen amfanin gona. Koyaya, ƙaddarar wannan daidaiton ruwan sau da yawa ya fi ƙarfin samfuran, sabili da haka, shawarwarin fasaha suna da mahimmanci yayin shirya kalandar ban ruwa.
Koyaya, sakamakon gwaji a cikin muhalli daban-daban ya nuna cewa za'a iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa 100 t / ha) tare da matakan ban ruwa na tsari na 400 mm na ruwa a kowane lokaci, wanda ya ƙara ruwan sama a lokacin noman. yayi daidai da matakan samar da ruwa na 550mm na ruwa a kowane lokaci. Samfurori masu kwaikwayon sun nuna cewa yakamata ayi shayarwa kwanaki 50-60 bayan dasa shuki, wanda yayi daidai da farkon samuwar tuber. A cikin sharuddan amfani, ana ba da shawarar daga nan don amfani da yawan shayarwa na mako 40 mm a mako.
Ana sa ran cewa al'amuran fari na nan gaba za su fi yawa fiye da lokutan baya saboda tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda ya zama karbabbe karbabbe a duniya. Fuskanci wannan yanayin, ɗayan matakan da za'a ɗauka cikin lamuran samar da dankalin turawa, don kiyayewa ko haɓaka yawan amfanin gonarsu, shine aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa. Koyaya, la'akari da cewa wannan noman an haɓaka shi ne ta hanyar ƙaramin noma, aiwatar da tsarin ban ruwa bashi da sauƙi, tunda ana buƙatar babban matakin saka hannun jari. Saboda haka, yayin yanke shawarar saka hannun jari a tsarin ban ruwa, ya zama dole a yi la’akari da yanayin da ake samar da amfanin gona, tunda, kamar yadda aka fada a baya,
Tunanin karamin noma, manomi wanda a halin yanzu ke shuka hekta 2 dankalin turawa a karkashin yanayin ruwan sama, a cikin yanayin karancin ruwan sama, tare da yawan amfanin gona tan 30 / ha, ya kamata ya sami dabarun matsakaita-karfi don karfafa tsarin samar da shi, yana mai da himmarsa da albarkatu. Wannan na iya nufin rage yankin shuka (alal misali zuwa 1 ha), domin saka hannun jari a cikin ingantaccen iri, hadi mai kyau, kula da cututtuka da kuma tsarin ban ruwa. Abubuwan da aka ambata ɗazu zai ba da damar ninka amfanin gonakinsu sau biyu, wanda hakan yana nufin haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu, canza shi zuwa tsarin samar da dankalin turawa mai ɗorewa da fa'ida akan lokaci.