Alkaluma sun nuna cewa yankunan da ake noman dankalin turawa a kasar sun ragu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata daga hekta 51 000 a shekarar 2000. zuwa hekta 16,000 a shekarar 2021. Amma daidai 2022. Ana samun karuwa kaɗan a cikin jimlar filayen dankalin turawa a kowace shekara. Dalili na iya zama ƙarar yanayin yanayin geopolitical, da kuma farkon rikicin tattalin arziki a Turai. Farashin dankalin turawa ya fi na bara a bana, amma mafi arha tubers da ake nomawa a kasashen waje suma suna kwararowa a kasuwa.
Manoman dankalin turawa na Latvia sun inganta noman fasahar a cikin lokacin daga 2000. yawan dankalin turawa na shekara-shekara akan matsakaita a kasar ya wuce t/ha 20, a shekarar 2019. Ya kai t/ha 22.4 a kowace shekara. Halin haɓakar amfanin gona ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da, saboda yanayi mara kyau na girma dankalin turawa, yawan amfanin gona ya kai 15.3 t/ha kacal. A wannan shekara, girbi mai yiwuwa ya ɗan fi na bara, duk da haka, girbin dankali a yankuna daban-daban na Latvia ya bambanta sosai. A wasu yankuna, a gefen Vidzeme, mutum ba zai iya yin gunaguni game da girbi ba, amma a gefen Latgale, gudummawar dankalin turawa ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa a wurare.
Shekarun girbi
Lokacin bazara guda biyu da suka gabata ba su kasance da amfani sosai ga masu noman dankalin turawa ba, har zuwa wani lokaci sun kasance gwajin jimiri da sauƙi a gare su. Samar da amfanin gona na tuber a lokacin rani ya sami cikas ta hanyar dogon lokaci na zafi mai zafi da rashin ruwan sama, wanda a wurare ya canza tare da hazo mai yawa. Ƙarin bayani game da ɓarna na weevils, filayen dankalin turawa sun yi barazana da ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado ko Colorado dankalin turawa a wannan lokacin bazara. Ba koyaushe matakan da aka ɗauka don ɗaukar su ba su yi tasiri sosai. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a nemi mafita a cikin matsanancin yanayi, da kuma ganin yadda za a iya kare shukar dankalin turawa a nan gaba idan zafi mai yawa, fari ko yaduwar kwari ya sake maimaita.
Girma amfani da dankali don sarrafawa
Haka nan a kasarmu, kamar yadda ake yi a sauran kasashen Turai, cin dankalin a cikin abinci gaba daya yana raguwa, yayin da adadin dankalin da ake amfani da shi wajen sarrafa shi yana karuwa. Akwai kamfanonin sarrafa dankalin turawa guda biyu a Latvia da ke samar da sitaci da guntu. Haɗin kai tare da kamfanoni masu sarrafawa yana da fa'ida ga masu noman dankalin turawa, saboda yana tabbatar da ingantaccen siyar da samfuran da aka samar. Tabbas, wajibi ne don cika bukatun abokin ciniki - kamfanin sarrafawa, girma nau'in dankalin turawa masu dacewa da amfani da fasahar da ta dace.
Fasahar noman dankalin turawa na buƙatar zuba jari mai yawa, ƙarin sarrafa filin, feshi, amma shuka da girbi sun fi ƙarfin aiki, takamaiman yanayin ajiya ana buƙatar, kuɗin sufuri kuma ya fi girma.
Samar da dankali don sarrafawa zuwa sitaci
Shin da gaske yana da fa'ida a fannin tattalin arziki shuka dankali don sarrafawa?
An gudanar da kima na halin da ake ciki don samar da dankalin turawa a cikin Integrated Farms a kan tushen 2019.-2020. halin da ake ciki a 2005-2005, lokacin da yanayin noman dankali ya yi kyau sosai, har yanzu ba a fara hauhawar farashin kayan albarkatun kasa da sauran albarkatun noma ba, har yanzu babu wata inuwa ta hana barkewar cutar da kuma barazanar yaki.
Kodayake ana iya ɗauka Aloja Starkelsen ya ƙware wajen samar da sitacin dankalin turawa, yawan sitaci na yau da kullun da ake samarwa daga dankalin da aka shuka akan Integrated Farms shima yana da mahimmanci. Yawan amfanin dankalin da aka yi amfani da takin ma'adinai da kayayyakin kariya na shuka (PPPs) ba shakka, ya fi na tsarin noma, inda ba a yarda da yin amfani da sinadarai ba.
Ko da yake nau'in dankalin turawa ba su bambanta da yawa a cikin adadin sitaci a cikin tubers a cikin nau'ikan noma iri biyu ba, duk da haka, adadin sitaci a kowace kadada ya fi girma daidai a cikin filayen da aka haɗa.
Zaɓin iri-iri masu dacewa
Abu na farko da ake bukata don shuka dankalin turawa don sarrafawa zuwa sitaci shine zaɓi nau'ikan da ke da adadi mai yawa na sitaci a cikin tubers. Ba wai kawai babban ba, har ma da kwanciyar hankali na sitaci a cikin yanayin yanayin girma na yanayi daban-daban yana da mahimmanci. Babu ƙarancin mahimmancin mahimmanci shine ikon nau'ikan don samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, iri tare da babban adadin sitaci a cikin tubers da kyakkyawan amfanin gona suna cikin rukuni na matsakaici-marigayi da marigayi iri. Amma a cikin gajeren lokacin bazara na Latvia, nau'ikan da ke da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma zai zama mafi dacewa, kuma don sauƙaƙe don kauce wa lalacewar ciyawa, mafi kyawun juriya ga mafi yawan lalacewa - ciyawar ciyawa. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawarar nau'ikan matsakaici-marigayi tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin samuwar tuber.
Kamar yadda muke iya gani daga gwaninta, nau'ikan nau'ikan kiwo na Latvia da na waje tare da isassun sitaci mai yawa (kimanin kashi 20%) da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau ana iya samun nasarar girma a Latvia (duba shafin.). Musamman farin ciki da kwanan nan da aka gabatar a Latvia iri-iri 'Jogla', wanda ya dace da yanayin girmarmu.
Fasahar noma
A cikin Filin Haɗe-haɗe, dole ne a shuka dankali ta amfani da fasahar noman da ta dace. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a gudanar da aikin kula da ƙasa da kuma aikin kula da shuka ta yadda ƙasa ta yi sako-sako. Ya kamata a yi amfani da taki mai dacewa da daidaito a filin dankalin turawa. Daya daga cikin mafi inganci hanyoyin takin zamani shine aikace-aikacen takin ma'adinai a cikin furrow a lokaci guda da dasa shuki. Duk da haka, domin inganta jari na sitaci a cikin tubers, zai kuma zama daraja la'akari da karin-tushen hadi a lokacin ciyayi.
A lokacin girma dankali, ya kamata a dauki matakan magance kwari, farawa tare da sarrafa ciyawa, yayyafa don hana yaduwar ganyen dankalin, amma musamman a cikin rabin na biyu na kakar, yakamata a kiyaye shuka dankalin daga lalacewa ta hanyar rubewar ganye. A wannan lokacin, a cikin koren ganye da ganye, samuwar carbohydrates yana faruwa a cikin aiwatar da photosynthesis, jigilar su zuwa tubers, inda ake adana carbohydrates a cikin sitaci. Da tsayin ciyawar kore, yawan amfanin gonar tuber zai yi girma kuma ana iya adana ƙarin sitaci a cikin tubers na sabon amfanin gona. Duk da haka, a cikin lokacin kakar, kada ku yi amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen - yana inganta haɓaka da samuwar lacunae, amma yana tsawaita ciyayi na shuka kuma yana hana samuwar tarin sitaci a cikin tubers.
Hakanan tattara amfanin gona yana da mahimmanci, amma dankali don sarrafa sitaci baya buƙatar ajiya na musamman. Koyaya, ana buƙatar sufuri don isar da amfanin gona zuwa masana'antar sarrafa su.
Farashin samarwa da riba
A cikin mu bita 2019. a cikin shekara, kasa talakawan dankalin turawa yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace hectare ya 22.4 t, yayin da a dankali da aka yarda da aiki a cikin sitaci, sitaci ne a kan talakawan 20.2%. Yawan adadin sitaci samu-4.5 t / ha. Tun da yawan amfanin ƙasa bai yi girma ba, dole ne a ɗauka cewa kashe kuɗin samarwa bai wuce Yuro 1000/ha ba. Duk da haka, ribar da aka samu ita ma ba ta yi yawa ba tare da irin wannan ƙarancin sitaci.
Amma domin samun mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma samar da karin sitaci a tubers, kudi ga girma dankali ya karu, kuma bayan lissafin ya juya daga cewa farashin samar a 2019. akwai a kusa da 1680 Tarayyar Turai / ha a kowace shekara. Koyaya, tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers, yawan amfanin sitaci a kowace hekta ya kai aƙalla tan 10.
Ba wai kawai kashe kuɗi ya karu ba, har ma da ribar da aka samu daga hectare ɗaya da tan na sitaci da aka tura zuwa masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki. Yawan amfanin gona a kowace hekta, idan aka samu aƙalla t 10 na sitaci, ya ninka yawan amfanin gona da ake samu a kowace kadada, idan yawan sitaci bai kai 5 t a kowace kadada ba. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da adadin sitaci da aka samu a kowace hekta ya ƙaru sosai, duk ribar da ake samu kowace tan na sitaci da kuma ribar kowace kadada inda aka noman dankalin ya ƙaru sosai.
Abin takaici, shekara mai fita ta kawo sauye-sauye masu yawa a farashin samarwa ga manoma da masu sarrafawa iri ɗaya. Misali, farashin albarkatu a cikin noman dankali idan aka kwatanta da 2020. da 2021. a cikin bazara na shekara, ya karu da 70%.
Amfani aiki dankali
Masu samar da sitaci na dankalin turawa kuma suna cin gajiyar sarrafa tubers masu ɗauke da sitaci mai yawa, saboda farashin kayan aikin yana raguwa. Don samun ton ɗaya na sitaci, ƙasa da dankali mai yawan sitaci dole ne a sarrafa shi fiye da idan akwai ƙaramin sitaci a cikin tubers. Wannan yana nufin cewa zaɓin nau'in da ya dace yana da amfani ba kawai ga masu shuka dankalin turawa ba, har ma ga masu sarrafawa. Don haka, cikin tunani da sanin tsari na noman dankali don sarrafawa zuwa sitaci yana da fa'ida kuma ana iya kiran dankalin amfanin gona mai riba.
Aloya Starkelsen har yanzu yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da tsarin samar da riba kuma ya ci gaba da samar da sitacin dankalin turawa. Idan aka kwatanta da 2019. kuɗin tushe na shekara-shekara na kowace ton na sitaci da aka canjawa wuri yana ƙaruwa da 45%, amma ana yin ƙarin alawus don wuce gona da iri na kwangila. A nan gaba, ana shirin daidaita matakin biyan kuɗi zuwa farashin kasuwa da buƙatun duniya.
Za a bukaci kayayyakin abinci a kowane hali, kuma za a tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da tsaron kasarmu ta hanyar abincin da kanmu ke samarwa, da kuma yiwuwar fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje.
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