CORVALLIS, Ore. - Masu bincike na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon guda biyu sun gano wata matattarar kasa-kasa ta nematode a harabar Corvallis wanda zai iya zama muhimmin kayan aiki game da masu zagon kasa da ke haifar da biliyoyin daloli a shekara a lalacewar noma a duniya.
A Oregon akalla rabin 20 na kayan masarufin noma suna fama da lalacewa, gami da mahimmin masana'antar shuka ciyawa da kimanin dala miliyan 60 a kowace shekara, a cewar Rory Mc Donnell, masanin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar gona da kimiyyar ƙasa a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Noma. kuma ƙwararren ƙwararraki don Sabis na Fadada OSU. Kodayake ba a samu alkaluma na masana'antar gandun daji na dala biliyan 1 ba, babban kayan masarufin Oregon, slugs da katantanwa sun yi asara mai yawa a wannan bangaren, kazalika, in ji Mc Donnell.
Nematode na parasitic, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, na iya rage waɗannan asara sosai, in ji Dee Denver, farfesa kuma shugaban Sashin Hadakar Biology na OSU a Kwalejin Kimiyya kuma ƙwararren mai nematode. An yi amfani da shi a cikin Turai azaman samfurin sarrafa ƙwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin sunan Nemaslug fiye da shekaru 25, amma Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ba ta rajista a cikin Amurka.
Mc Donnell ya ce "Tsarin tunanin shi ne cewa idan yana aiki a Turai kuma mun same shi a nan kuma yana aiki a nan, zai iya zama sauki a samu a yi masa rajista ta EPA," “Idan har za mu iya bayar da shaidar cewa, 'yar asalin ce, to, wannan yana da hujja, game da ci gabanta, a matsayin abin da muke da shi. Amma muna so mu tabbatar da cewa babu wani tasiri game da zagon ƙasa ko katantanwa. Ba mu son sarrafa kwayoyin halitta ya tafi da hankali. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci. ”
Manoma sun dogara da sinadarai masu tsada don sarrafa slugs kuma kawai suna samun 10% zuwa 60% inganci, a cewar Mc Donnell. Magungunan kwari na iya yin tasirin da ba a tsammani akan kwayoyin da ba manufa ba kuma suna iya gurbata hanyoyin ruwa.
"Lalacewar da suka haifar babban lamari ne," in ji Mc Donnell. “Mun gudanar da bincike a kan masu shuka 200 a cikin kwarin Willamette don tattara ra’ayoyinsu game da sarrafa slugs da maganin kwari. Mun samu kashi 30% ne kawai suka ce suna farin ciki da aikin sunadarai. ”
Shekaru uku, Mc Donnell, wanda asalin sa Majalissar Oregon ce ta dauki nauyin mukamin sa domin nemo bakin zaren matsalar zagon kasa na jihar, ya yi tattaki zuwa Oregon da fatan samun P. hermaphrodita. Lokacin da ya yi hakan, yana cikin bayan gidansa - harabar OSU a Corvallis. Binciken shine na farko a Arewacin Amurka a wajen California, inda masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Riverside, gami da Mc Donnell, suka gano shi a cikin 2014.
Neman nematode ba sauki. Akwai dubunnan, idan ba miliyoyi ba, na nau'in nematode, kuma girman comma P. hermaphrodita ba za a iya gani ga idanun da ba a horar da su ba. Don gano shi, Denver, wanda ƙwararren masani ne akan nematode, dole ne ya zazzage kuma ya tsara DNA ɗinsa ya kuma kwatanta shi da ma'ajiyar ƙasa.
Don gano nematode, Mc Donnell tare da mukarraban sa sun kafa tarko a gefen gonakin noma, suna neman slan fage mai launin toka (Deroceras reticulatum) wanda wataƙila sun faɗa cikin nematodes. Namanatodes sun mamaye tarko ta cikin rami a bayan mayafin ta - ɓangaren mai sirdin sirdi a gaban tutsar. Da zarar sun shiga ciki, nematode yana kashewa kuma yana ciyarwa a kan tarko kuma ya hayayyafa cikin sauri - nematode daya na iya samar da dubban zuriya a cikin lamarin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu.
Denver ya ce: "Lokacin da tarko ya mamaye nematodes, sai ya sha ruwa," in ji Denver. “Kuna gamawa da tarin tsutsotsi. Yana da kyau m. ”
Matattarar filayen launin toka, wanda shine matsala ga masu lambu na gida har da aikin noma, ya mamaye yawancin duniya. Mc Donnell ya ce, ita ce nau'ikan cutarwa masu saurin kawo cikas a harkar noma. A Turai, P. hermaphrodita na iya rage lalacewar amfanin gona ta hanyar slugs har zuwa 90%. Lalacewa kai tsaye ba ita ce kawai hanyar D. reticulatum ke shafar shuke-shuke ba; yana iya zama vector na cuta da kuma najasa da barin hanyoyin slime, wanda ke rage ingancin amfanin gona.
Yayinda suke ci gaba da aiki akan P. hermaphrodita, Denver da Mc Donnell suna haɓaka wasu nau'in don ƙayyade alaƙar halittar gado kuma wataƙila gano nematodes masu alaƙa waɗanda suma suna da damar azaman sarrafawar halitta.
"Nematodes suna da yawa kuma suna da banbanci - akwai miliyoyinsu a kowane bangare na halittun duniya," in ji Denver. "Ba su da ilimi sosai kuma, tare da dakin bincike na Rory a matsayin daya daga cikin kalilan a Arewacin Amurka da ke da kishin addini da katantanwa, muna cikin kyakkyawan yanayin yin wannan binciken."
Sakamakon bincikensu an buga su a cikin mujallu KYAUTA da kuma Tsarin Halittu.
Game da Sabis na Fadada OSU:
Sabis ɗin Fadada Jami'ar Jami'ar Oregon ya ba da ilimin tushen bincike tare da mutane da al'ummomin cikin ƙananan hukumomin 36 na Oregon. Fadada OSU yana magance matsalolin da suka shafi birni da ƙauyen Oregonians. Kawancen OSU Extension da shirye-shirye suna ba da gudummawa ga lafiya, ci gaba da dorewar makoma ga Oregon.