Wata kungiyar masu binciken kasa da kasa ta samu ci gaba sosai a yaki da mummunar cutar dankalin turawa Phytophthora infestans. Wani sabon kwayar halitta da aka samo a cikin shuka Solanum americanum (dangin shuke-shuken shuke-shuke mai baƙar fata) an nuna ya sa dankali ya zama juriya ga nau'ikan sha tara da aka gwada na P. infestans. Bugawa akan wannan sabon kwayar Rpi-amr1 ya bayyana yau da yamma a Tsirrai na Yanayi.
Naman gwari Phytophthora infestans yana haifar da ciwon mara kuma ya haifar da manyan yunwa da rikice-rikicen zamantakewar da suka gabata. Ko a yau, cutar na iya haifar da asarar rayuka. Hakanan sarrafa sinadarai yana sanya babban nauyi ga mahalli.
Kwayoyin halittu masu juriya na iya tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire sun san abin da ake kira furotin na Phytophthora. Wannan fitowar tana haifar da saurin kariyar garkuwar jiki (saurin daukar hankali, saurin salula na cikin gida na ƙwayoyin tsiron da aka kaiwa hari) kuma wannan yana dakatar da kamuwa da cutar.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an ware wasu adadi masu yawa na kwayoyin juriya daga nau'ikan dankalin turawa, musamman daga Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin juriya suna da babbar hasara: Phytophthora infestans na iya canza ƙwayoyin halittar cikin sauri da sauri, sakamakon haka ba a ƙara fahimtar sunadarai masu yaduwa kuma amsawar garkuwar ba ta faruwa. Daga nan sai muce 'kwayoyin juriya sun' karye '. Wannan shine (rashin alheri) sanannen wuri.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an ware wasu adadi masu yawa na kwayoyin juriya daga nau'ikan dankalin turawa, musamman daga Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin juriya suna da babbar hasara: Phytophthora infestans na iya canza ƙwayoyin halittar cikin sauri da sauri, sakamakon haka ba a ƙara fahimtar sunadarai masu yaduwa kuma amsawar garkuwar ba ta faruwa. Daga nan sai muce 'kwayoyin juriya sun' karye '. Wannan shine (rashin alheri) sanannen wuri.
solanum americanum
Masu bincike daga Ingila, tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Wageningen & Bincike (WUR) da sauran masu bincike a Jamus, sun yi nasarar kebewa da sababbin kwayoyin halittar juriya daga Solanum americanum. An san wannan tsiron ne don rashin tasirin isasshen makara.
Sababbin kwayoyin juriya (Rpi-amr1) sun bayyana suna da wasu siffofi na musamman. Misali, sun yarda da cututtukan kwayoyin cuta (Avramr1) na 'yan iska na Phytophthora. Wadannan kwayoyin halittu masu saurin kiyayewa basa canzawa da sauri kuma har ma sun bayyana cewa ana kiyaye su a cikin wasu nau'ikan jinsunan Phytophthora wadanda ke haifar da barazana ga wasu nau'o'in tsirrai.
Widari kuma mafi juriya mai juriya
Kodayake sun ɗan bambanta da juna, kowane bambancin Rpi-amr1 yana bawa shuke-shuke damar gano furotin iri ɗaya. Gwajin kamuwa da cuta tare da babban adadi na goma sha tara P. infestans keɓe daga wurare daban-daban sun tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin Rpi-amr1 yana da faɗi sosai. Babu P. 'yan iska da ke ware zai iya shafar ganyen dankalin turawa da aka canza shi da Rpi-amr1.
Kuma tunda aka san shuke-shuke na Solanum americanum a matsayin 'ba mai karɓar baƙi' don Phytophthora, matsin zaɓi a kan kwayar halittar zai zama ƙasa da yawa. Don haka ana sa ran cewa ƙarfin Rpi-amr1 ya fi karko fiye da yadda za'a iya samu tare da sauran kwayoyin halittar juriya.
Maris Piper
Kwayar juriya Rpi-amr1 yanzu ana hada ta da wasu kwayoyin halittar juriya guda biyu (Rpi-amr3 da Rpi-vnt1) a cikin dankalin turawa na kasuwanci Maris Piper. Linesin dankalin turawa da ke sakamakonsa ba shi da kariya ga nau'ikan kewayon Phytophthora.
Abokan aikin Aikin an gudanar da binciken ne tare da haɗin gwiwar Laboratory na Sainsbury da Cibiyar John Innes da ke Norwich, Jami’o’in Gabas Anglia, Leesd da Hull da kuma Jami’ar Fasaha ta Munich.