Kwayar cututtukan PMTV:
Shuke-shuken da ke dauke da cutar ba koyaushe ke nuna alamomi ba kuma ci gaban alamomin ya dogara da yanayin dankalin turawa, cutar kwayar cuta da muhalli.
Kwayar cutar za ta faru ne kawai lokacin da cuta ta samo asali daga kwayar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar, amma ba dukkan ganyayyaki ke nuna alamun ba. Wannan halin ya zama babban ƙalubale ga takaddun shaida wanda a halin yanzu ya dogara da alamun foliar don gano cutar da ganowa. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, sukan bambanta a cikin yanayin dangane da nau'ikan da yanayin muhalli. Kwayar cutar na iya bayyana a lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi sanyi amma yakan dushe yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya karu. Alamun Foliar sun hada da zane mai launin rawaya mai haske (aucuba) a jikin ganyayyaki, samfurin V-mai launin rawaya (chevron), ganyayyun ganyayyaki, da gajeriyar internode, wanda shine tsarin "mop-top" na yau da kullun wanda ke baiwa kwayar cutar sunan ta.
Hotuna ne daga Neil Gudmestad, NDSU
Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan tubers yawanci sun haɗa da launi na ciki ciki har da tsatsa mai launin ruwan kasa, zobba, ko flecks. Alamomin sun yi kama da wadanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar taba (TRV), kwayar alfalfa mosaic (AMV), da wasu ƙwayoyin cutar dankalin turawa Y (PVY). Koyaya, tubers da suka kamu da PMTV bazai nuna alamun kansa kwata-kwata. Alamun PMTV na waje basu da yawa kuma suna bayyana kamar zoben da aka ɗaga a saman tuber.
Hotuna ne daga Neil Gudmestad, NDSU
Kwayar cututtukan fuka
Kwayar cututtukan fuka-fuka an tsare su zuwa sassan kasa na shukar. Bayyanar alamomin cutar ya dogara ne da shukar dankalin turawa da kuma yanayin. Cutar fatar jiki tana haifar da rauni ko ɓoɓɓuka a farfajiyar tubers. Kamuwa da cuta yana farawa da ƙananan raunin purple ko pimples waɗanda suke faɗaɗa, juya launin ruwan kasa ko zaitun-launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, da kuma samar da zagaye iri ɗaya, waɗanda aka ɗaga fure. Lokacin da pustules din suka fashe sai suka tona asirin rashin tabin hankali wanda ke cike da launin ruwan kasa, hodar fulawa da kyallen takarda. Tushen da ke dauke da cutar da kujeru na iya samun ciwan-kumburi irin na gall wanda ke juya launin ruwan kasa yayin da suka girma. Raunukan Tuber waɗanda da kyar ake iya gani a lokacin girbi na iya ci gaba da faɗaɗa yayin ajiya. Tubers masu ɗauke da ƙwayar fatar fatar suna da haɗari ga wasu cututtuka da rashin ruwa yayin ajiyar su. Babban asara daga fataccen fata yana raguwar kasuwa maimakon rage amfanin ƙasa.
Hotunan scabs da galls tushen ladabi da Francisco Bittara, NDSU
tushen: https://blogs.cornell.edu