"Kyakkyawan fahimtar lafiyar ƙasa zai haifar da hanyoyin samar da ƙarin dankali"
"Yana daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen da muke da su yanzu a masana'antar dankalin turawa," in ji Chris Voigt, babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Dankali ta Jihar Washington. “Ba za mu iya ci gaba da bukatarmu ba. Abokan cinikinmu sun kasance akan rabon abinci tsawon shekaru shida da suka gabata. Mun kara girman yawan ruwan da ke ban ruwa a Kogin Columbia. ”
Ofaya daga cikin ƙalubale tare da noman dankali shine yawan lokacin da ake buƙata don samun kwari da cututtuka daga ƙasa. Ba tare da fumigation ba, ana iya shuka dankalin a ƙasa ɗaya a kowace shekara 12. Idan ana amfani da fumigants, wannan lambar tana raguwa duk bayan shekaru huɗu. Ko da tare da masu yin aikin, har yanzu jihar ba ta samar da wadataccen dankali.
Don taimakawa kara yawan amfanin gona, masana kimiyya da tallafi da tallafi daban-daban daga USDA, majalisar dokokin jihar Washington, Hukumar kula da dankalin turawa ta Washington da masu sarrafa dankalin suna binciken yadda za su inganta lafiyar ƙasa a cikin dankali.
"Kyakkyawar fahimtar lafiyar ƙasa za ta haifar da hanyoyin samar da dankalin turawa," in ji Richard Koenig, shugaban sashen kula da amfanin gona da Stateasa na Jami'ar Jami'ar Jihar Washington. “Wannan na iya kasancewa ta hanyar kara yawan amfanin gona, rage lokacin juyawa kafin manoma su koma ga dankali, ko duka biyun. Ofaya daga cikin maɓallan anan shine fahimtar yadda ayyukan kula da ƙasa za su iya rage aukuwar cututtuka, wanda shine babban abin da ke iyakance albarkatu da yawa kuma yana shafar lokutan juyawa. ”
An ƙaddamar da wani aiki a lokacin rani na 2018 don bincika duk wallafe-wallafen da ke da alaƙa da karatun da aka yi a baya kan lafiyar ƙasar dankalin turawa.
"Muna neman binciken da ake da shi," in ji Karen Hills, abokiyar binciken Cibiyar Nazarin Noma da Albarkatun Kasa na Jami'ar Jihar Washington. “Abin da muke kokarin yi da wannan takarda shi ne kafa wasu abubuwan fifiko dangane da bukatun bincike na gaba. Mun duba abin da aka yi da abin da ya kamata a yi. Gaskiya, har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba. ”
Shekarar da ta gabata, USDA ta ba da gudummawar aikin shekaru huɗu don bincika lafiyar ƙasar dankalin turawa.
"Shirin bincike na yana cikin ayyuka da yawa da ke nazarin yadda ayyukan sarrafa amfanin gona na iya shafar lafiyar dankalin turawa," in ji Ken Frost, masanin ilimin tsirrai tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Noma ta Hermiston da Fadada, wani bangare na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon. "Babban aikin bincike da nake da shi a halin yanzu a wannan yankin ya samu tallafi ne daga Hukumar USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative."
2019 ita ce shekarar farko da aka sami amfanin gona don wannan aikin.
"Ina ganin dankali sabuwar iyaka ce," in ji Frost. “Yana da matukar damuwa tsarin. Sauran tsarin amfanin gona na son rage nome. Wannan wani abu ne wanda baza mu iya yi ba a tsarin noman dankalin turawa. Dole ne muyi tunani game da shi ta wata hanyar daban da yadda ake tunani a sauran tsarin. ”
Frost yana ɗaya daga cikin kimanin masu bincike 20 da ke aiki a kan aikin. Masu binciken suna duban yadda juyawar amfanin gona ke tasiri da kuma shafar kwayar cutar microbium. Sanyi yana yi juyawar shekara biyu tare da dankali da alkama da juyawar shekara uku tare da dankali, masara da alkama.
"Kowane ɗayan waɗannan jujjuyawar suna da haɗakar mustard na faɗuwa a matsayin kwayar halittar halittu tare da amfani da takin zamani mai takin zamani," In ji Frost. "Ni masanin ilimin tsirrai ne ta hanyar horo, don haka mafi yawan aikina na maida hankali ne kan yadda hanyoyin gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban ke haifar da cututtukan dankalin Turawa, cutar da ke tafe wadanda wadancan kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa, da kuma yawan amfanin gona da ingancin da ke haifar da wadannan cututtukan.
A kokarin bincikar tsarin noman dankalin ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa, mun kasance muna kirdadon martanin da dukkanin al'umman kasar suke da shi (watau dukkanin kwayoyin cuta da fungi da suke nan) ga ayyukan sarrafa amfanin gona don koyo idan akwai takamaiman microbes ko kungiyoyin microbes waɗanda suke da fa'ida musamman ko cutarwa ga lafiyar shuka dankalin turawa. Muna tunanin cewa binciko tsarin al'adar kananan halittu game da dabarun kula da amfanin gona daban daban, gami da aikace-aikacen magungunan kashe kwari, na iya taimaka wa manoma a gaba wajen kula da al'ummomin da ke cikin su ta hanyoyin da za su bunkasa lafiyar amfanin gona da samar da shi, da kuma rage tasirinsa sakamakon cuta. ”
Hill ya ce: "Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke faruwa a cikin wannan bakar akwatin fiye da yadda muke tunani." “Wasu filayen suna samar da amfanin gona fiye da wasu. Ba za a iya bayyana ta ta gwajin ƙasa na yau da kullun ba. Akwai wani abin da ke faruwa. Ba za mu iya nuna waɗanda ake zargi da saba wa wannan ba. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke gudana dangane da rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasan. ”