Dankali da maganin ciyawa (Kashi na 1)

Lalacewar ganyen dankalin turawa sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa

Manoma a ko'ina cikin kudanci da gabashin Idaho sun damu da alamu masu ban mamaki na lalacewar amfanin gona da suka bayyana a cikin filayen dankalin turawa bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci da aka yi ruwan sama mai yawa a watan Mayu na 2017. Ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka - ciki har da harbe-harbe, sprouts girma a kusurwar dama, tuber nadawa. da rawaya veins a cikin foliage - sun bayyana a cikin filayen spud na yanki biyo bayan wani rigar Mayu a cikin 2019.

Pam Hutchinson, Jami'ar Idaho tsarin noman dankalin turawa ƙwararrun ciyawa, ya gano tare da yin nazari kan matsalar - ruwan sama mai yawa kafin fitowar dankalin turawa na iya motsa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zuwa cikin ƙasa, inda suka fi samun damar harbe-harbe da tushen tuber fiye da yadda aka saba. wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona. Don gwaje-gwajen ruwan sama da aka kwaikwayi ta, Hutchinson tana gwada maganin ciyawa guda huɗu: Matrix, Outlook, Prowl H2O da metribuzin.

"Ina bukatan in koyi irin alamun da maganin ciyawa zai iya haifarwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin tare da yawan ruwan sama," Hutchinson ya ce. "A cikin shekaru da yawa mun duba kuma mun koyi game da lalacewar ciyawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin girma na yau da kullun."

Ruwan sama mai yawa kafin bayyanar spuds kuma na iya haifar da rashin kulawar ciyawa, yayin da magungunan ciyawa suna motsawa da sauri da sauri ta cikin ƙasa wanda harbe-harbe da saiwoyi suka sha. A cikin shekaru da yawa, yawancin manoman dankalin turawa sun yi amfani da maganin ciyawa na baya-bayan nan da ba su yi shirin amfani da su ba.

Haɗarin lalacewar ciyawa saboda yawan ruwan sama na iya ƙara fitowa fili a cikin filayen da ƙasa mai yashi, ta inda ruwa da ƙarin tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa masu narkewa kamar Matrix da metribuzin, na iya shiga zurfi fiye da ƙasa mai nauyi. Hutchinson yana aiki tare da masu noma waɗanda ke noman ƙasa mai yashi kuma sun haɓaka shirye-shiryen kawar da ciyawa tare da ƙarancin ciyawa mai saurin narkewa. Masu noman za su iya sa ido sosai kan sarrafa ciyawa na farko kuma su biyo bayan maganin ciyawa idan ya cancanta.

"(Gwajin) sun ƙara ƙarfafa ta yadda idan kuna da ƙasa mai yashi na gaske za ku sami ƙarin motsin ciyawa fiye da yadda aka fahimta a baya lokacin da ruwan sama ya wuce kima," Hutchinson ya ce.

Ritchey Toevs, manomin dankalin turawa na Aberdeen kuma tsohon shugaban hukumar dankalin turawa ta Idaho, ya yi imanin darussan binciken Hutchinson yana da amfani ga manoma, har ma a lokutan noman da aka saba.

"Idan muna da rana mai iska kuma ba mu samun ruwa mai yawa kuma iska ta sa da wuya a yi ban ruwa daidai, za mu ƙara wasu sa'o'i kadan a wurin, kuma za mu iya kwafin ruwan sama mai yawa, ba tare da sanin barnar da aka yi ba. za mu iya haifarwa," Toevs ya ce.

Ciyawa da ruwan sama

Dokta Pamela JS Hutchinson, Masanin Kimiyyar Ciwon Dankali na Jami'ar Idaho daga tashar Aberdeen, ta bayyana cewa tana samun kiraye-kiraye daga masu noman da suka damu game da yawan ruwan sama da sanyi da ke haifar da raunin dankalin turawa. Ko da yake ruwan sama albarka ne, yawan ruwan sama tare da dogon lokaci na yanayin sanyi da rashin hasken rana sun sanya magungunan ciyawa a shirye don ɗaukar ciyawa da dankali, amma suna hana dankalin daga sarrafa wasu daga cikin magungunan ciyawa cikin sauri don amfanin gona mai kyau. haƙuri.

"Duk wani abu da ke rage girman dankalin turawa kuma yana rage saurin ci gaban ƙwayar cuta," Ta ce. "Yanayin sanyi na iya zama matsala tunda yana da wahala shukar dankalin turawa ta fito kuma ta yi girma da sauri a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin.”

Bayan kammala yawon shakatawa, duk da haka, rana ta kasance a waje kuma gajimare ya tsaya a baya. Hutchinson ya ce da zarar ya yi dumi kuma rana ta haskaka, yawanci ba ya dau lokaci kafin bayyanar cututtuka na cutar herbicides da wuri a kan ciyayi na dankalin turawa su fara bacewa, saboda dankalin ya fara girma sosai kuma yana iya rushe waɗannan magungunan. A gaskiya ma, ta lura da wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike, ba tare da alamun bayyanar da aka gani ta hanyar rufe layi ba kuma babu tasiri akan saitin tuber, girma ko yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da Hutchinson ya ba da rahoto a yawon shakatawa ya haɗa da maganin ciyawa daga Syngenta Crop Kariyar da ake kira Reflex (fomesafen). Ƙarshen ƙarshe da aka cimma a ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata ita ce Reflex ta yi amfani da riga-kafi ga ciyawa da dankali kaɗai ko a haɗe tare da waɗannan maganin ciyawa yawanci ana ba da kashi 90 ko fiye da ja-in-ja da ja-ja-jaja da gashi na dare na tsawon lokaci.

Haɗin farko na s-metolachlor da metribuzin kadai ko tare da ƙarin metribuzin bai samar da kulawar dare mai gashi sama da kashi 85 ba; duk da haka, yayin da ƙari na rimsulfuron a cikin cakuda ko shafa daga baya, farkon bayyanar da ya haifar da kashi 97 zuwa 100 na sarrafa wannan sako.

Gudanar da raƙuman rago na gama gari ta hanyar Reflex a haɗe tare da sauran magungunan ciyawa ban da Dual Magnum (s-metolachlor) ko Outlook (dimethenamid-p) yawanci yana inganta idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa ta hanyar Reflex da ake amfani da shi kaɗai. Ba tare da la'akari da ƙimar Reflex a cikin maganin cakuda tanki ba, sarrafa duk weeds guda uku da ke cikin gwaji sun kasance iri ɗaya kuma sun kasance daga kashi 95 zuwa 100. Maimaita gwajin a wannan shekara, in ji Hutchinson, zai ba da ƙarin haske.

Hutchinson ta yi sharhi cewa tana ganin wasu alamomi iri ɗaya a cikin wannan gwaji yayin da ta ke gani a cikin filayen kasuwanci - ɗanɗanowar ganyen ganye tare da wasu nau'ikan da alama sun fi sauran juriya. Ta kuma ce, kamar yadda ake zato, a kowace rana ana dumi da rana, alamomin suna raguwa kuma ba a bayyane suke ba, kuma kwarewar da ta samu game da wannan binciken da kuma wasu da aka gudanar a baya, sun taimaka mata ta amsa tambayoyi da damuwa.