Wani sabon binciken da aka buga a Plant Pathology ya gano a karon farko irin jinsin halittar P. infestans, wanda ke haifar da cutar mara a manyan yankuna masu noman dankalin Turawa a Java, Indonesia.
Ana danganta cututtukan cututtukan dankalin Turawa a matsayin musababbin bala'in yunwar dankalin Turawa na Irish na 1845. An kira shi mafi munin duk cututtukan da aka sani da dankalin turawa. Manoma suna fatan samun ingantaccen kuma karko na ƙarshen maganin blight yayin da masu bincike ke ci gaba da nazari da fahimta Phytophthora yana haifar da kumburi, kwayoyin cuta kamar fungus wadanda ke haifar da cutar.
Wani sabon binciken, Halin dabi'a da siffofin halittu na Phytophthora infestans yawan jama'a akan Java, Indonesia, wanda aka buga a Shuka Pathology gano a karon farko jinsin halitta, ko damuwa na P. 'yan iska, haifar da sanadiyyar rashin lafiya a manyan yankuna masu noman dankalin turawa a tsibirin Java a Indonesia kuma na biyu, yana nazarin bambancin yanayin halittar cikin P. 'yan iska yawan jama'a a waɗannan yankuna.
“Masu bincike suna amfani da fasahohin kiwo don samar da mafita da ke samar da juriya ga P. 'yan iska. Don haka, fahimtar jinsin halittu da nau'ikan halittu da kuma yadda suke canzawa shine mabuɗin cimma nasarar dawwama, da juriya ga cutar, "in ji Dokta Phillip Wharton, Mataimakin Farfesa a Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Kimiyyar Rayuwa a Jami'ar Idaho da jagoran marubucin littafin.
Masu binciken Amurka daga Jami'ar Idaho, Jami'ar Minnesota, da Jami'ar Jihar Michigan sun hada kai da takwarorinsu daga Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyyar Noma ta Indonesiya da Bincike da Ci gaban Halitta (ICABIOGRAD) na Indonesiya don tattarawa da yin nazari P. 'yan iska samfura sama da shekaru huɗu (2016-19) daga wurare 15 a cikin larduna tara akan Java, Indonesia. Binciken Microsatellite ya nuna cewa EU_2_A1, jinsin Turai, da wasu nau'ikan jinsin da ke da alaƙa da EU_2_A1 amma suka yi kama da Indonesia.
Wadannan sakamakon suna nuna cewa asalin halittar da aka gabatar cikin Indonesia mai yiwuwa shine EU_2_A1 kuma akwai ci gaba mai gudana a cikin wadannan al'ummomin saboda yawan canjin yanayi kuma babu matsin lamba daga masu masaukin dankalin turawa masu sauki da ake shukawa a yanzu a Indonesia.
Researchungiyar binciken tana daga cikin Ciyar da Abokan Hulɗa Kayan Fasahar Kayan Zamani Nan gaba (BPP). Karkashin jagorancin Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, aikin na da niyyar kawo dankalin turawa mai narkar da dankalin turawa zuwa kananan manoma a Bangladesh da Indonesia.
Ci gaban dankali da aka canza shi tsari ne mai matakai iri-iri inda aka saka takamaiman kwayar halitta (s) a cikin kwayar halittar dankalin turawa da ake so. Bayyanar sunadaran kwayar halitta (s) a cikin shuka na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin hanyar da tsire ke amsawa ga damuwa kamar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cuta. A cikin wannan aikin, kwayoyin halittu guda uku daga jinsunan dankalin turawa wadanda aka san su da samar da juriya ta dabi'a ga cututtukan da suka kamu da cutar kututturewa an saka su a cikin manoma da kuma wadanda suka fi so. Sakamakon shine fifikon dankalin turawa da aka fi so wanda ke da kariyar cutar mai ɗorewa.
Fa'idojin dankalin turawa mai saurin kamuwa da cutar ya hada da raguwa a cikin sinadarai masu guba. Wharton ya kiyasta cewa ana iya rage feshin kayan gwari da ake amfani da shi don sarrafa ƙarshen cutar zuwa kashi 90%. "Wannan yana rage manoma da danginsu kai tsaye ga hulɗa da sinadarai na roba waɗanda ake amfani da su kowane mako a duk tsawon lokacin girbi kuma sau da yawa ba tare da kayan kariya na sirri da suka rage ragowar kan kansu, a cikin ƙasa da kan dankali," in ji Wharton "Kadan aikace-aikacen kayan gwari yayi daidai da bayyanar da sinadaran roba ga masu shuka, masu amfani da muhalli."
Warware matsalar ƙarshen ɓaraka na iya haifar da rashi kaɗan bayan girbi da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sakamakon farko na keɓewar filayen gwaji tare da kwayar halitta guda uku marigayi mai ɗanɗanar dankali a Indonesia ya nuna cewa akwai daidaito tsakanin rashin cutar da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wharton ya ce "Duk da cewa akwai bukatar yin bincike mai yawa, abin da ya nuna da wuri shi ne, dankalin turawa mai saurin jurewa zai iya amfanar da karuwar jama'a da yawan amfanin gona," Tare da yawan mutanen duniya da aka tsara zai wuce biliyan tara nan da shekara ta 2050 da kuma karin bakuna da yawa don ciyarwa, wannan labari ne mai kyau.
Wharton da kuma kungiyar kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar kere-kere, wadanda ya rada wa suna Marigayi masu farauta, sun gudanar da irin wannan P. 'yan iska binciken da aka yi a duk ƙasar Bangladesh, sauran ayyukan aikin. Ana sa ran buga sakamakon wannan binciken ba da daɗewa ba.