Wata sabuwar hanya ta sarrafa nau'ikan cututtukan amfanin gona masu cutarwa ta amfani da 'yan ƙasa, ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa masu fa'ida sun fito daga haɗin gwiwar masana'antu na bincike.
Ƙirƙirar fasahar agri-tech na fatan baiwa manoma wata hanya ta rage tsada da lalacewar muhalli sakamakon magungunan da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu don magance cututtukan amfanin gona. Tawagar Cibiyar John Innes ta ware kuma ta gwada ɗaruruwan nau'ikan nau'ikan Pseudomonas kwayoyin cuta daga kasar gona na dankalin turawa, sannan suka jera kwayoyin halittar 69 daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan. Ta hanyar kwatanta kwayoyin halittar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda aka nuna don murkushe ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da waɗanda ba su yi ba.
Sannan kuma ta hanyar yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar sinadarai da kwayoyin halitta da kuma cututtukan da suka shafi shuka, sun nuna cewa samar da kananan kwayoyin halitta da ake kira cyclic lipopeptides na da matukar muhimmanci wajen magance scab din dankalin turawa, cutar kwayan cuta da ke haddasa babbar asara ga girbin dankalin turawa. Wadannan kananan kwayoyin suna da tasirin antibacterial akan kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da scab dankalin turawa, kuma suna taimakawa wajen kariya. Pseudomonas zagaya da mulkin mallaka tushen shuka. Gwaje-gwajen sun kuma nuna cewa ban ruwa yana haifar da sauye-sauye masu yawa ga bambancin kwayoyin halitta Pseudomonas yawan jama'a a cikin ƙasa.
Marubucin farko na binciken Dokta Alba Pacheco-Moreno ya ce, “Ta hanyar ganowa da kuma tabbatar da hanyoyin da za a magance cututtukan dankalin turawa, muna fatan bincikenmu zai hanzarta samar da abubuwan sarrafa kwayoyin halitta don rage aikace-aikacen jiyya na sinadarai wadanda ke yin illa ga muhalli. "Hanyar da muka bayyana ya kamata a yi amfani da shi ga cututtuka masu yawa na tsire-tsire saboda ya dogara ne akan fahimtar hanyoyin aikin da ke da mahimmanci ga masu kula da kwayoyin halitta," in ji ta.
Nazarin, wanda ya bayyana a ciki eLife, yana ba da shawarar hanyar da masu bincike za su iya tantance microbiome na kusan kowane wurin amfanin gona, da la'akari da yanayin ƙasa, agronomic da yanayi daban-daban. Ta hanyar yin amfani da ci gaba a cikin jerin kwayoyin halitta mai sauri, hanyar za ta iya bincikar ƙasa microbiome don maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma yin aiki da kwayoyin da ake samar da su don kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Hakanan zasu iya nuna yadda waɗannan kwari masu fa'ida ke shafar abubuwan aikin gona kamar nau'in ƙasa da ban ruwa. Mataki na gaba don sabon tsarin shine a mayar da kwari masu fa'ida a cikin filin guda a cikin adadi mai yawa ko a cikin hadaddiyar giyar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwan haɓaka microbiome na ƙasa. Dokta Jacob Malone, Shugaban rukuni a cibiyar John Innes kuma marubucin binciken ya bayyana fa'idar, "Babban fa'idar wannan hanya ita ce, muna amfani da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ake ɗauka daga muhalli kuma an mayar da su cikin takamaiman takamaiman yanayin. mahallin nazarin halittu a cikin adadi mafi girma don haka babu lalacewar muhalli”.
Hanyoyi masu yuwuwar amfani da masu haɓaka microbiome sun haɗa da yin amfani da cocktails na kwayan cuta azaman suturar iri, azaman feshi ko ta hanyar ban ruwa.
Dokta Andrew Truman, Shugaban Rukuni a Cibiyar John Innes, kuma marubucin binciken ya gaya mana game da dogon hangen nesa na wannan hanyar, "A nan gaba. Ba kwayoyin halittar da kwayoyin cutar ke samarwa ba ne za mu yi amfani da su, zai zama Pseudomonas takura kanta. Yana ba da hanya mai ɗorewa - mun san waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna mamaye ƙasa inda dankali ke girma, kuma suna ba da kariya ga amfanin gona. Yin amfani da kwayoyin cuta, za ka iya girma da kuma tsara ta yadda ya dace sannan a shafa shi a filin, kuma ya fi korayen amfani da sinadarai na roba.”
Cututtukan tsire-tsire matsala ce ta noma da ke haifar da babbar asarar amfanin gona, kamar dankali. Muhimman cututtukan cututtuka na dankalin turawa sun haɗa da Streptomyces cututtukan fata, kwayar cutar kwayan cuta da ke haifar da scab dankalin turawa, da Magungunan Phytophthora, kwayar cutar oomycete wacce ke haifar da kumburin dankalin turawa, wanda shine babban dalilin Babban Yunwar a Ireland. Pseudomonas Kwayoyin cuta suna da alaƙa da tsire-tsire kuma an yi nazari sosai a matsayin masu sarrafa kwayoyin halitta, yayin da suke ɓoye samfuran halitta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar shuka da kuma hana ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, amfani da su a baya ya sami cikas saboda rashin daidaituwa.
Binciken da aka yi a baya kan danne scab ɗin dankalin turawa ya nuna yuwuwar rawar hana ƙwayoyin cuta Pseudomonas. Duk da haka, ci gaban ya samu cikas saboda rashin ilimin injiniyoyi. An kuma san cewa ban ruwa na iya kashewa Streptomyces cututtukan fata kamuwa da cuta kuma a yanzu wannan binciken ya nuna cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda tasirin da ruwa ke da shi a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Binciken Pan-genome yana gano ayyukan haɗin gwiwa don Pseudomonas na musamman metabolites a dankalin turawa hanawa pathogen, bayyana a eLife.