Akwai fiye da dogon lokacin da ajiya dankali fiye da sprout suppressants. Anan zamu bincika muhimman abubuwa guda biyar.
1. Tsaftar ajiya
Kyakkyawan tsabtar kantin sayar da kayayyaki baya buƙatar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, a mafi yawan yanayi tsabtace jiki na asali zai wadatar. Sharar gida na iya tarwatsa ƙura, amma inda benaye ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ko fashe, yayyafa ruwa ko wanke wuta (tare da zubar da ruwa mai dacewa) ya fi dacewa.
“Ya kamata a mai da hankali kan kawar da ƙura da datti daga shaguna da injina saboda wannan kyakkyawan mai ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ƙwayoyin fungal. Masu noma za su san daga sanin irin cututtukan da suka shafi amfanin gonakinsu don haka za su iya amfani da wannan ilimin don jagorantar ayyukansu da kuma sanar da matakin da ake buƙata na tsaftacewa,” in ji Dokta Stuart Wale, mai ba da shawara kan dankalin turawa kuma mai bincike a Kwalejin Rural na Scotland (SRUC).
“Amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a kan benayen siminti bai yi tasiri ba. Koyaya, babban shago mai tsabta wanda ya haɗa da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar fumigation tare da peracetic acid ko amfani da janareta na ozone, ya cancanci yin la'akari lokaci-lokaci, ”in ji shi.
2. Akwatin tarawa
Kyakkyawan akwati mai kyau shine tushen ingantaccen motsi na iska kuma yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka tsarin da ke tallafawa mafi kyawun samun iska. Wannan na iya zama mai sauƙi kamar alamar shimfidawa a ƙasa don tabbatar da ƙarancin rata tsakanin kwalaye kuma babu wani cikas ga kwararar iska.
"Tsarin samun iska mai kyau wanda ke motsa iska ta cikin dankali yana tabbatar da ƙarin motsin iska iri ɗaya, kodayake samun iska ta hanyar wucewar iska tare da fale-falen fale-falen yana iya zama mai tasiri" in ji Dr Wale.
Tabbatar ana amfani da kwalaye masu tsayi iri ɗaya a kowane shafi. Ya kamata tari ya zama tsayi iri ɗaya kuma a tabbatar da cewa akwai isasshen ɗaki a bayan kantin, kamar 1m, don iskar ta koma ƙasa ta koma tare da ramukan pallet. Shagunan da aka cika fiye da kima akai-akai suna hana samun iska mai inganci,” in ji Dokta Wale.
3. Motsawar iska
Rashin motsin iska na iya haifar da asarar inganci ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa da yanayin zafi. Hakanan yana ƙara farashi yayin da ake ƙara yawan kuzari a ƙoƙarin kiyaye yanayin zafi a wuraren da iskar iska ba ta da kyau, ko akwatuna ba su da kyau. “Iskar iska ba wai kawai tana busar da dankali ba yayin da suke shiga cikin kantin, har ma don kawar da zafin numfashi. Idan an motsa dankali, numfashi yana tashi kuma yana ba da zafi; idan ba a sarrafa wannan ba zai iya haifar da haɓakar matakan zafin jiki da kuma, a ƙarshe, narkewa,” in ji Dr Wale.
Iska koyaushe zai ɗauki hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya, don haka inda akwatuna ba su da kyau, iska za ta iya yin amfani da giɓi don komawa sashin samun iska ba tare da wucewa ko sama da dankali ba. Adrian Cunnington, shugaban binciken adana amfanin gona a gadar AHDB Sutton ya ce "Amfani da plenum ko labule mai raba iska zai iya taimakawa wajen hana gajeriyar kewayawa da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da iska don yin tasiri mafi kyau a cikin shagunan da ake jefawa."
The Jagorar kantin kayan ajiya na AHDB kyakkyawan tushen bayanai ne ga waɗanda ke da niyya don haɓaka iskar shaka a cikin shagunan su. Tabbatar da shagunan an rufe su da kyau ba kawai zai goyi bayan ingantacciyar motsin iska ba amma yana goyan bayan aikin madadin tsirowar tsiro kamar ethylene ko man na'ura.
“Wadannan abubuwa masu lalacewa suna buƙatar ingantaccen iska a cikin kantin sayar da don rarraba yadda yakamata ta cikin amfanin gona, amma zubar iska daga ginin yana da damuwa. A rana mai iska ba sabon abu ba ne a ga canjin iska biyu zuwa huɗu a cikin awa ɗaya a cikin wani kantin da ba a kula da shi ba wanda zai sa farashin man ethylene ko na Mint ya yi tsada,” in ji Mista Cunnington.
“Hanyar da ta fi dacewa wajen tantance tsananin iskan shago ita ce ta tsaya a ciki, a kashe fitulun sannan a ga inda hasken ke shigowa, na ga al’amuran da gibin ya kai kusan murabba’in mita uku wanda ya yi daidai da barin kofa. bude. A cikin wadannan yanayi, zai yi matukar wahala a rike sinadarai masu tsada,” in ji shi.
4. Shagon sha
Ba a cika yin ɗagawa da dankalin turawa cikin yanayi na yau da kullun ba kuma canjin yanayin zafi da zafi tsakanin amfanin gona da ake girbe na iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi laushi.
“Makonni biyun farko na ajiya suna da mahimmanci. Yana da kyau koyaushe saka idanu yanayin yanayin dankalin turawa yayin da suke shiga cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki idan ana so a guje wa matsaloli tare da magudanar ruwa. Muddin amfanin gona da ke shigowa yana kusa da yanayin zafi zuwa wanda aka riga aka ajiye shi to matsalolin ba su da yawa, "in ji Dr Wale. Ya kara da cewa "Zai iya taimakawa wajen rage zafin shagon da wani mataki ko kasa da yanayi don taimakawa sanyaya dankalin da ke shigowa cikin shagon," in ji shi.
Saitin fata yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye a shamaki daga cututtuka, amma kuma yana hana asarar danshi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tallafawa ajiyar kayan amfanin gona na dogon lokaci, musamman tare da nau'ikan sarrafawa, inda zai yiwu ya tafi daga asarar nauyi na 5-6% zuwa sama da 10% idan saitin fata ya kasance ƙasa da mafi kyau duka.
Akwai, duk da haka, ikon rage yanayin zafi don tallafawa ajiya da murkushe tsiro duk da cewa wannan ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan da ake adanawa. Ga sabon kasuwa wannan ba shi da matsala amma ya fi mahimmanci tare da sarrafa dankalin turawa inda ƙananan zafin jiki na iya haifar da tarin rage sukari wanda ke haifar da launuka masu duhu a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko kintsattse.
"Mun san cewa wasu nau'o'in, irin su Lady Claire da Royal da kuma ƙarami Agria, za su yi haƙuri da ƙananan yanayin zafi yayin da wasu kamar Taurus ba su da haƙuri, don haka yayin da akwai iyaka, yana da iyaka a halin yanzu. Tare da sarrafa dankalin turawa, yana da mahimmanci a rage yanayin zafi a cikin ƙimar sarrafawa yayin da tare da sabbin nau'ikan kasuwa ana iya rage shi da ƙarfi don sarrafa cututtuka masu lahani, "in ji Mista Cunnington.
Tuber zazzabi kuma aiki ne na tsawon lokacin da ake ɗaukar raunuka don warkewa.
“Yayin da yanayin zafi ya fi zafi yayin shan raunukan da sauri za su warke. A yanayin zafi sama da 10oC magani na farko yana da saurin gaske, sau da yawa kawai 'yan kwanaki, amma a ƙasa da 10oC magani na farko na iya ɗaukar kwanaki bakwai zuwa 14," in ji Dokta Wale. Jagorar masu sarrafa kantin AHDB ya ƙunshi ginshiƙi da ke bayanin yadda zafin jiki ke shafar warkewa.
5. Cututtukan tarin fuka
"Yana da kyau a fahimci yawan ƙasa a cikin akwatin ko kuma idan akwai wani ruɓaɓɓen wuri. Da fatan, za a yi maganin waɗannan a kan mai girbi, amma idan sun sanya shi a cikin ajiya to yana da daraja don sanin a wane matakin. Shin yana da iyaka ko akwai abin damuwa? idan akwai rubewa da yawa to kayan ko dai ana bukatar a rika sa ido akai-akai ko kuma a sanya su gefe guda domin a tsaftace su nan gaba kadan,” in ji Dokta Wale.
Ko a yi amfani da maganin fungicides yayin shan zai zama yanke shawara masu shuka iri za su yi tunani. "Idan kuna da matsala ta scurf ta azurfa to yana iya zama cewa maganin fungicides ya zama dole don kiyaye inganci. Hakazalika, akwai nau'o'in da ke da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka musamman, misali, King Edward da tabo na fata, inda magungunan kashe qwari suka kasance kusan aikace-aikacen yau da kullun," in ji Dokta Wale.
Cututtuka kamar busassun bushewa, gangrene, scurf na azurfa da tabo na fata na iya tasowa yayin ajiya wanda ke haifar da hasarar maki a lokacin sauke kaya. Don sarrafa waɗannan masu noman za su iya amfani da Gavel (imazalil) ko Storite Excel (thiabendazole) ko da yake akwai la'akari da juriya da za su yi tasiri ga abin da ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
"Thiabendazole wani fungicides ne na benzimidazole wanda ke ba da tsari, magani da aikin kariya. Batun tare da Storite Excel ya taso ne tare da nau'ikan scurf na azurfa na benzimidazole da tabo na fata waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Burtaniya kuma an ba da rahoton busassun bushewa. Akwai 'yan batutuwan juriya da imazalil," in ji Dr Wale.
“Matsalar baƙar ƙafar ita ce, yana ruɓar tuber daga ciki don haka ba a gano shi ba har sai an adana amfanin gona. Wata cuta ce ta kwayan cuta da za a kalli wannan lokacin,” in ji Mista Cunnington.